Создан заказ №1953219
16 апреля 2017
Английский язык
Как заказчик описал требования к работе:
I. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функции местоимения “it”.
1. It is true that avoiding litigation is usually desirable, but it is not always so.
2. Litigation is a game; in other words it has winners and losers.
3. The executive branch can write a law and send it to
the legislative branch for approval.
4. There is no doubt that it is the job of the Parliament.
5. It is difficult, but possible to become a good lawyer.
II. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму и переведите их на русский язык.
1. There are some difficulties in understanding the party policy in Great Britain.
2. Somebody was giving evidence when the judge entered the room.
3. Every university student should know something about the judicial system of Great Britain.
III. Определите функцию глаголов “to be” и “to have” и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. He has no grounds for his complaint.
2. Continental, or Roman Law, has developed in most of continental Europe, Latin America and many countries in Asia.
3. Another important feature of the Common Law tradition is Equity.
4. He had to claim his money back after the breach of the contract.
5. The state, not the courts, was to make law.
6. He is grounding his complaint at the moment.
IV. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.
1. The existing system benefits the leading parties and discriminates against the smaller parties.
2. The House of Commons is the main place where legislation and the most important decisions of the Government are criticized and assessed.
3. California has a case law tradition, but its laws are codified as extensively as many Continental systems.
4. If you want to make a will the best man to advise you is a solicitor.
5. The more serious the crime is, the heavier punishment the criminal has.
V. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в соответствующем времени и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The Crown Court (to hear) this appeal from the magistrates’ court two weeks ago.
2. The US Congress (to consist) of two houses: the House of Representatives and the Senate.
3. The committee already (to pass) this bill, don’t you know?
4. After the Prime Minister (to form) his Cabinet, he selected the rest of his ministry.
5. I entered the Court at the moment when the policeman (to give) evidence.
6. The jury (to announce) their decision in 2 hours.
VI. Переведите предложения на английский язык, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы.
1. Выборы должны проводиться каждые четыре года.
2. Такая политическая система может быть гибкой.
3. Судье пришлось ждать свидетелей.
4. Почему вы не могли обсудить историю этого государства?
5. Правительству следует рассмотреть предложения оппозиции.
VII. Прочитайте текст, выпишите и переведите на русский язык по одному предложению с:
а) существительным в функции определения;
б) существительным в притяжательном падеже;
в) конструкцией “there + be”.
ORIGINS OF ENGLISH LAWS
1. The English judicial system is the product of long historical development. The strong sense for tradition and its preservation in English society was responsible for the fact that some judicial forms and institutions have survived centuries. For this reason English law is very complex.
2. This article presents a brief factual survey of the law system in England. Every law system corresponds to the class character of the society it serves and the English system of law is no exception to this rule. Over the centuries English law has developed to protect, above all, the class interests of the ruling class. This fundamental feature of English law has not changed in any way even today.
3. There is no single body of law in the United Kingdom. There is, however, a similarity between the systems of England and Wales and that of Northern Ireland. Scotland has its own distinctive legal system and law courts, but on many points there is fundamental identity with the rest of the United Kingdom as well. A large volume of modern legislation applies throughout the United Kingdom.
4. Another common feature is the distinction made between criminal law (concerned with the wrongs against the community as a whole) and civil law (concerned with the rights, duties and obligations of individuals towards one another).
5. The sources of law in the United Kingdom include: unwritten, or common law, and written, or statute law. Unwritten or common law is based on 9
the past decisions of judges, i.e. on a judicial precedent. It is the ancient law of the land deduced from customs and interpreted in court cases by the judges. Though common law has never been defined or codified, it performs the basis of law except when superseded by legislation. It is also referred to as “case-law” or “judge-made law”.
6. Written, or statute law, is based on statutes. Statutes comprise Acts of Parliament and subordinate legislation made under powers conferred by Parliament (e.g. Orders in Council, orders and regulations made by a minister with the authority of Parliament, by-laws made by local government). Statute law is more modern than common law. Common law began to develop in the 12th century, and law-making by Parliament started in the 13th century. However, most statutes have been enacted only during the past century. Since Parliament is the supreme law-making body in the United Kingdom, Acts of Parliament take precedence over all other sources of law.
7. In the Middle Ages a supplementary system of law, known as Equity, came into being to provide and enforce more effective protection for existing legal rights. People sent petitions to the King asking him to exercise his power of justice. The King’s chief minister, the Lord Chancellor, dealt with these grievances himself and the decisions depended upon what the Chancellor thought was “equitable” or “fair”. In the 15th century a special Court of Chancery was set up and a system of rules called “rules of Equity” developed as distinguished from “rules of Common Law”. The Common Law Courts and the Court of Chancery existed as independent courts until 1873, when Equity and Common Law jurisdictions were merged, though its former work is still, by rules of the court, chiefly discharged by Chancery division, and where there is uncertainty Equity takes precedence. Thus, English law consists of the rules of Common Law and Equity, embodied in precedents, changed or supplemented in part by Acts of Parliament. 10
VIII. Перепишите и переведите письменно на русский язык абзацы 2, 3, и 7.
IX. Дайте ответ на вопрос:
What is the supreme law-making body in the United Kingdom
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Автор24
Автор24
20 дней
Заказчик принял работу без использования гарантии
17 апреля 2017
Заказ завершен, заказчик получил финальный файл с работой
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Английский язык.docx
2017-04-20 17:44
Последний отзыв студента о бирже Автор24
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Большое спасибо! Все выполнено быстро и на высоком профессиональном уровне. Буду обращаться в дальнейшем. Успехов Вам в работе!
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