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Техносферная безопасность
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- 2016 год
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A great number of industrial enterprises are usually potentially dangerous objects both for human beings and for the environment. They create high risk for occurrence of emergency situations and accidents which can lead to irreparable economic and social effects. At first such causes as administrative management methods for economic influence mechanism, permit of ecological strain with the help of quick environmental measures at the cost of delay of transfer to the new technological processes cardinally improving environmental situation, and also failure of these enterprises to carry out environmental activity contributed to the strain environmental situation in the world. Understanding of this situation and necessity to develop new key points require conversion of any kind of economic operations into reliable, i.e. compatible with requirements for harmonious development of the society and nature.
Aim of the research is concluded in statement of theoretical approaches and development of methodical principles for the management of technogenic risks and their insurance.
Subject of the research is a complex of theoretical and methodical problems for the management of technogenic risks.
Object of the research is industrial enterprises as sources of origin of technogenic risks.
Introduction …………………………………………………………………………..2
1.Safety of technosphere Environment ……………………………………..3
2.Harbingers of Technogenic Emergencies…..………………………….. 5
3. Forecasting of Man-Made Disasters and the Role of Space Systems in its Practical Implementation ………………….………………………………….19
Conclusions………………….…………………….…………………………………… 26
Bibliography……………………………………………………….……………………. 28
All this can be developed and implemented within the frameworks of the government institutions, more or less engaged with insurance coverage of economic and environmental social interests.Taking into consideration mentioned above it is necessary to make the following conclusions:
- study and solution of questions on the environmental insurance is very important and essential in the current conditions. On the assumption of the environmental insurance functions, we can say that it could be a strong influencing factor on the situation in the field of control over negative influence of enterprises on the environment, and by the same token to reduce environmental risk and damage;
- development of the environmental insurance in Kazakhstan is complicated not only for the lack of perfect legal base, but also for the tight financial situation of enterprises;
- as far as the environmental insurance institute has been created comparatively recently, difficulties in realization of the environmental insurance system are connected with the lack of experience and qualified personnel;
- the problem of the liability insurance of hazardous productions should be solved by compulsory participation of the state;
- development of the environmental insurance depends not only on the state vigorous activity in this direction, but also on the insurance appropriateness for enterprises/productions themselves, the sources of heightened technogenic danger;
- such points, when risk of accidental situations involving extensive economic damage is very high, when there are no means on their prevention and response of consequences, when damages to the affected are not being compensated, makes this problem of development of the environmental insurance system in the republic as very actual, as the environmental insurance is that environmental-economic reserve which will allow attract means from the private sector into the field of the environment protection with regard to compensation of damages from its accidental pollution and additional financial provision of the environmental measures.
1. Стихийные бедствия и техногенные катастрофы. Превентивныемеры, Natural Hazards. UnNatural Disasters: The Economics of Effective Prevention, 2012, ISBN ,978-5-9614-1527-8, 978-5-9614-1105-8, 978-0-8213-8050-5
2. Barry A. Turner, Nick F. Pidgeon, Man-made disasters,published by Butterworth-Heinemann (2nd edn), 1997 ISBN 0-7506-2087-0
3. Lee Davis, Man-Made Catastrophes, Revised Edition Revised Edition, ISBN-10: 081604418X, ISBN-13: 978-0816044184 Publisher: Facts on File; Revised edition, 2002
4. FarzadHatamiand, Hossein Behsan . Evaluation, and Investigation of Risk Management in Iranian, construction Industry. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):387-399
5. Мультимедийный словарь перевода слов онлайн http://www.multitran.ru
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