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RECOGNITION OF GOVERNMENTS. DE JURE AND DE FACTO RECOGNITION
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- 2017 год
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The identity and number of states belonging to the international community are by no means fixed and invariable. The march of history produces many changes. Old states disappear or unite with other states to form a new state, or disintegrate and split into several new states, or former colonial or vassal territories may be process of emancipation themselves attain statehood. Then, also, even in the case of existing states, revolutions occur or military conquests are effected, and the status of the new governments becomes a matter of concern to other states, which formerly had relations with the displaced governments, raising the question of whether or not to engage in formal or informal relations with the new regimes, either by recognition of new government is not followed, solely by some kind of intercourse. These transformations raise problems for the international community, of which one is the matter of recognition of the new state or new government or other change of status involved. At some time or other, this issue of recognition has to be faced by certain states, particularly if diplomatic intercourse must necessarily be maintained with the states or governments to be recognized.
When a state recognizes a government, it acknowledges a group of persons as competent to act as an organ of the state in question and to represent it in terms of international law. The only precondition for the recognition of a government under international law is its effective exercise of sovereign power (first and foremost, control of a substantial part of the territory and of the apparatus of administration).
Introduction
1 Modern usage of De jure and De facto recognition
1.1 Meaning of De jure recognition
1.2 Meaning of De facto recognition
1.3 Difference between De jure and De facto recognition
2 Recognition of Governments. Recent practice
2.1 International recognition of Israel
2.2 De facto recognition after the dissolution of the USSR
2.3 Legal effects of recognition
Conclusion
Bibliography
Vocabulary
Признание государств: де-юре (de jure), де-факто (de facto)
1.1. International legal acts
1. UNITED NATIONS (1945). Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice, signed in San Francisco, CA, 26 June 1945. New York, NY: United Nations. Available at: https://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/ctc/uncharter.pdf. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
2. UNITED NATIONS (2015a). Non-member States. New York, NY: United Nations. By resolution A/RES/67/19 of 29 November 2012, the General Assembly accorded non-Member Observer State status to Palestine. Available at: http://www.un.org/en/members/nonmembers.shtml. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
3. UNITED NATIONS (2015b). About UN Membership. New York, NY: United Nations. Available at: http://www.un.org/en/members/about.shtml. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
1.2. Normative legal acts and other official documents of the Russian Federation
1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation (adopted by popular vote on 12.12.1993) (taking into account the amendments introduced by the Laws of the Russian Federation about Amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation dated 30 December 2008 №6-FCL, dated 30 December 2008 №7-FCL, dated 05 February 2014 №2-FCL, dated 21 July 2014 №11-FCL. Available at: https://www.prlib.ru/en/node/420931. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
2. Concept of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation. Approved by President of the Russian Federation V. Putin on 12 February 2013. Available at: http://www.mid.ru/bdomp/brp_4.nsf/e78a48070f128a7b43256999005b
III. Special literature
1. Hersch Lauterpacht “Recognition in International Law” Cambridge University Press, 2012, 504 pp.
2. The American Society of International Law № 84,88 (1924)
3. Malcolm N. Shaw “International Law” Cambridge University Press, 2014, 1068 pp.
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