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Functions of GULAG as an issue for the Western historiography (Функции ГУЛАГа как проблема западной историографии)
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The question we could ask ourselves while recalling the Stalin era is why we do not give due consideration to GULAG, and why there are not so many memorials devoted to victims of repressions. The answer to these questions might lie in the subsequent history of Russia. The post-Soviet period brought economic and political collapses, and other major transformations that blotted the significance of GULAG.
Today it is essential to bring the information about Stalin era to the masses. There is a great need to educate the population on this issue so that we can understand how and why GULAG came into being, and what were the consequences of it.
In this paper I am going to look at the relative importance and efficiency of GULAG functions.
Before the NKVD’s appearance in 1934, the affairs were managed by republican justice ministries and republican NKVDs, and by the interior ministry. The earliest and one of the most eminent places of detention was the Solovetsky Camp of Special Destination (SLON) which appeared in 1920 as Felix Dzerzhinsky’s intention to confine opposition of the regime. Standardized implementation of coercive labor commenced in 1926.
The system of GULAG operated as follows. The NKVD ministers provided guidance to the administration of camps, which was in charge of executing all the instructions. Governmental structures replenished GULAG with new detainees. Most of the convicts were detained in ITLs (Corrective Labor Camps) or in labor colonies (general places of confinement). There were also some other places of detention: research centers, high-security areas of detention, mental institutions. Overall, camps were similar to classic prisons: detainees were being watched by guards and did not have opportunity to escape from places of confinement.
In 1934 various projects that were undertaken by civil administrations were transferred to the GULAG. As a consequence, a heavy workload fell on the camp system and devastated its capacities: “The Gulag has 30 main building projects; none will be completed in 1940. All will continue for several years, with an overall labor budget of 14.7 million. rubles. The Gulag is systematically charged with additional building projects, which result in a remarkable backlog. The large number of construction projects requires a fundamental reorganization, and the magnitude of these tasks complicates management in an extreme fashion, leading to a diversification of tasks and to bottlenecks in resource allocation”.
Курсовая на тему Functions of GULAG as an issue for the Western historiography (Функции ГУЛАГа как проблема западной историографии) на английском языке. Дата написания работы - 2020 год. Университет - МГИМО. Факультет - Международные отношения и политика, двойной диплом с Reading University, Великобритания.
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