Назначение учебного задания 1: научиться распознавать формы глагола в Passive Voice.
Результат выполнения задания: предложения написаны в страдательном залоге.
Методические указания по выполнению задания:
1. Изучите теоретический материал по теме Passive Voice.
2. Ответьте на учебные вопросы.
3. Выберите правильный вариант глагола, соответствующий страдательному залогу.
Назначение учебного задания 2: научиться преобразовывать предложения из действительного залога в страдательный залог.
Результат выполнения задания: предложения написаны в страдательном залоге.
Методические указания по выполнению задания:
1. Изучите теоретический материал по теме Passive Voice
2. При преобразовании действительного залога в страдательный залог учитывайте грамматическое время, в котором употребляется смысловой глагол.
3. Определите какое слово является подлежащим в действительном залоге и преобразуйте его в дополнение с помощью предлогов by или with.
Назначение учебного задания 3: научиться переводить предложения с русского языка на английский язык в страдательном залоге.
Результат выполнения задания: предложения переведены на английский язык в страдательном залоге.
Методические указания по выполнению задания:
1. Изучите теоретический материал по теме Passive Voice
2. При переводе воспользуйтесь русско-английским словарем.
3. При переводе учитывайте видо-временные формы глаголов.
4. Перевод начинайте с поиска подлежащего и сказуемого.
Задание 1
Содержание учебного задания: выберите правильный вариант ответа.
1. The book (wrote / was written) by Hardy.
2. Four people (have killed / have been killed).
3. A famous architect (was built / build) the bridge.
4. The house (bought / was bought) by a pop star.
5. Local police (have been arrested / have arrested) the bank robber.
6. I (arrived / was arrived) last Friday.
7. The room (will clean / will be cleaned) later.
8. It’s a big company. It (is employed / employs)two hundred people.
9. Tom (has lost / has been lost) his key.
10. A cinema is a place where films (show / are shown).
Задание 2
Содержание учебного задания: преобразуйте предложения в страдательный залог.
1. The gardener has watered the flowers.
2. They speak English in the USA.
3. Bell invented the telephone.
4. You can use this machine for cutting cheese.
5. He sent her some roses.
6. The police arrested him.
7. The Queen opened the new library.
8. He kept the animal in the cage.
9. He painted the walls yesterday.
10. Baird invented TV.
Задание 3
Содержание учебного задания: переведите предложения на английский язык в страдательном залоге.
Меня спрашивают. Ему звонят. Их просят. Яблоки часто покупают. Яблоки часто покупали. Яблоки будут часто покупать. Яблоки сейчас покупают. Яблоки покупали вчера в пять. Яблоки только что купили. Яблоки купили вчера к шести часам. Яблоки купят завтра к шести часам. Яблоки нужно купить. Яблоки должны быть куплены сегодня.
Завтра мне позвонят. Ему ответят в два. Мне завтра купят новый телевизор. Моему другу помогли с Английским. Ему только что прочитали письмо. Новые книги купят завтра. Катю просят помочь. Анну попросили рассказать о своем путешествии. Доктора попросили зайти в шесть.
Методические рекомендации по выполнению задания
по теме 2. Education in Russia (Образование в России)
Назначение учебного задания 4: познакомиться с системой образования в России.
Результат выполнения задания: даны ответы на вопросы.
Методические указания по выполнению задания:
1. Ознакомьтесь со словарем, приведенным перед текстом.
2. Прочитайте текст и переведите его с помощью словаря.
3. Прочитайте вопросы и переведите их.
4. Найдите ответы на вопросы к тексту.
5. Запишите ответы.
Назначение учебного задания 5: усвоить лексику данной темы.
Результат выполнения задания: записанные словосочетания на английском языке.
Методические указания по выполнению задания:
1. Прочитайте текст в задании 1 и переведите его с помощью словаря.
2. Найдите данные словосочетания в тексте.
3. Запишите ответы.
Задание 4
Содержание учебного задания: прочитайте и переведите текст. Ответьте письменно на вопросы после текста.
Education in Russia
Vocabulary:
a citizen – гражданин
a nursery school – детский сад
a primary school – начальная школа
a secondary school – средняя школа
to take school exams – сдавать школьный экзамен
to get a school certificate – получать школьный аттестат
either … or – или … или
to enter a University – поступать в университет
various departments – различные факультеты
an entrant – абитуриент
to attend university courses – посещать университетские курсы.
an entrance exams – вступительные экзамены
the General State Exam – Единый государственный экзамен
to get a scholarship – получать стипендию
a graduate – выпускник университета
Every Russian citizen has the right to free education. Before going to school children may go to nursery schools or kindergartens. At the age of six children start going to school. First they go to primary school where they learn to read, write and count. Primary school finishes in the 3-rd form. Then pupils go to secondary school. After the 9-th form pupils take school exams and get a school certificate. After it they can choose either to stay at school or go to a college to get a profession. Most pupils stay at school and finish it with a school diploma which allows them to enter an institution of higher education.
After finishing school pupils can go on to higher education. There are a lot of institutes and universities in Russia. They offer various departments which an entrant can choose according to his or her abilities. It is difficult to enter an institute. Entrants should attend university courses and then pass entrance exams. Nowadays a new examination system is being introduced. The so-called General State Exam allows pupils to enter any Russian university if they get good and excellent marks for it. This system hasn't been settled yet, but in some regions of Russia it works already. Pupils take this examination after the 11-th form.
Students in Russian universities usually have five years of studies. At the end of every semester students have an examination session and take exams. If students pass the exams well they get a scholarship paid by the government. In most universities and institutes graduates have to pass State exams and defend their final project. After graduating from an institution of higher education they can continue studies and enter a post-graduate school. After defending a dissertation they get a Master's Degree. In medical universities students usually study for 6 years.
– When do children start going to school?
– Where do they go first?
– Where do pupils go after primary school?
– What do pupils get after taking school exams?
– What examination system is being introduced?
– How long do Russian students usually study at university?
– What do students get if they pass the exam well?
– How can students continue studies after graduating from the institution of higher education?
Задание 5
Содержание учебного задания 5: переведите словосочетания на английский язык
Иметь право на бесплатное образование; ходить в детский сад, начальную школу, среднюю школу; учиться читать, писать и считать; сдавать экзамены; получать аттестат; получать профессию; поступать в институт; продолжать высшее образование; сдавать вступительные экзамены; Единый государственный экзамен; получать стипендию; поступить в аспирантуру; защита диссертации;
Методические рекомендации по выполнению задания
по теме 3. Participle (Причастие )
Назначение учебного задания 6: научиться переводить причастия на русский язык.
Результат выполнения задания: переведенные словосочетания.
Методические указания по выполнению задания:
1. Ознакомьтесь с теоретической частью данной темы.
2. Ознакомьтесь с особенностями перевода причастия.
3. Переведите словосочетания на русский язык.
4. Запишите ответы.
Назначение учебного задания 7: научиться переводить причастия на русский язык.
Результат выполнения задания: переведенные предложения.
Методические указания по выполнению задания:
1. Ознакомьтесь с теоретической частью данной темы.
2. Ознакомьтесь с особенностями перевода причастия.
3. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
4. Запишите ответы.
Назначение учебного задания 8: научиться распознавать формы причастия, определять их функцию и переводить на русский язык.
Результат выполнения задания: записанные предложения на английском языке, указана функция причастия, переведенные предложения на русский язык.
Методические указания по выполнению задания:
1. Ознакомьтесь с теоретической частью данной темы.
2. Ознакомьтесь с особенностями перевода причастия.
3. Определите функцию причастия.
4. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
5. Запишите ответы.
Задание 6
Содержание учебного задания 6: переведите словосочетания на русский язык.
A thinking scientist; a running boy; a talking parrot; a sleeping beauty; a growing interest; a glittering stone; the setting sun; the flashing lightning; a girl entering the room; a boy climbing the tree; clouds bringing rain; walking in the forest; boating on the river; a well-known writer; the taken measures; the hidden letter; a frightened child; competition started an hour ago; the game won; a bird caught; dishes washed; dinner cooked; having come to power; having lost the power; having answered the questions; having been bought the car…; having been well organized the party…; having been well prepared the pupils …; having been washed the child; having been sent the
Задание 7
Содержание учебного задания 7: переведите предложения, содержащие различные формы причастия на русский язык.
She was looking at the woman sitting at the window. Books written by W. Shakespeare are translated into many languages. Having colonized many African and Asian countries Great Britain became a powerful state. The task facing us is to master the English language. He didn’t notice the letter hidden among the newspaper. Having won the political struggle the leader of the party became very popular. Knowing the English language well, you can translate newspaper articles without a dictionary. As followed by angry bees the boy ran towards the house. Having been well prepared for the examination the student could answer all the questions the teacher asked him.
Задание 8
Содержание учебного задания 8: выберите правильную форму причастия, определите его функцию и переведите на русский язык.
1. The book was so (exciting / excited) that I couldn’t put it down.
2. I thought the interview went well, so I was very (disappointing / disappointed) not to get the job.
3. I didn’t want to tell my sister that I’d borrowed her car, as I knew she would be (annoying / annoyed).
4. I wasn’t looking forward to studying history, but in the end I thought it was (fascinated / fascinating).
5. I just sat in front of the TV all evening. My day had been really (tiring / tired).
6. Failing my driving test was one of the most (disappointing / disappointed) experiences of my life.
7. I wish he’d be quiet. He’s so (annoying / annoyed).
8. After watching the documentary on global warming, we all left a bit (depressing / depressed).
9. Many people think hill walking is very energetic, but I find it very (relaxing / relaxed).
10. The children were really (exciting / excited) about opening their presents.
Методические рекомендации по выполнению задания
по теме 4 English Schools (Школы в Англии)
Назначение учебного задания 9: познакомиться с системой образования в Англии.
Результат выполнения задания: даны ответы на вопросы.
Методические указания по выполнению задания:
1. Ознакомьтесь со словарем, данным перед текстом.
2. Прочитайте текст и переведите его с помощью словаря.
3. Прочитайте вопросы и переведите их.
4. Найдите ответы на вопросы к тексту.
5. Запишите ответы.
Назначение учебного задания 10: усвоить лексику данной темы.
Результат выполнения задания: записанные словосочетания на английском языке.
Методические указания по выполнению задания:
1. Прочитайте текст в задании 1 и переведите его с помощью словаря.
2. Найдите данные словосочетания в тексте.
3. Запишите ответы.
Задание 9
Содержание учебного задания 9: прочитайте и переведите текст. Ответьте письменно на вопросы после текста.
English Schools
Vocabulary:
infant schools – детский сад
junior schools – начальная школа
school subjects – школьные предметы
Eleven-plus Examinations – отборочные испытания школьников в возрасте 11 лет; проводятся по окончании общей начальной школы
elementary school leavers – выпускники общеобразовательной школы (для детей от 5 до 14 лет;
to obtain – получить
advanced level – ступень обучения, после которой сдаётся экзамен второго уровня сложности
public school – государственная школа
independent – независимый
to belong to – принадлежать
English children must go to school when they are five. First they go to infant schools, where they learn the first steps in reading, writing and using numbers. When children leave the infant school, at the age of seven, they go to junior schools until they are about eleven years of age. Their school subjects are English, arithmetic, history, geography, nature study, swimming, music, art, religious instruction and organized games. Towards the end of their fourth year in the junior school English schoolchildren have to write their Eleven-plus Examinations, on the result of which they will go the following September to a secondary school of a certain type. About 40% of elementary school leavers in Britain go to secondary modern schools. Modern schools are the most popular secondary schools, but they do not provide complete secondary education, because study programs are rather limited in comparison with other secondary schools. The secondary technical school, in spite of its name, is not a specialized school. It teaches many general subjects. The grammar school is a secondary school, which offers a full theoretical secondary education, including foreign languages, and students can choose which subjects and languages they wish to study. They leave the school after taking a five-year course. Then they may take the General Certificate of Education at the ordinary level. The others continue their studies for another two or three years to obtain the General Certificate of Education at the advanced level, which allows them to enter university. The comprehensive school combines in one school the courses of all types of secondary schools. There are many schools in Britain, which are not controlled financially by the state. They are private schools, separate for boys and girls, and the biggest and the most important of them are public schools. They charge high fees and train young people for political, diplomatic, military and religious service. There are independent and preparatory schools. Many of the independent schools belong to the churches. Schools of this type prepare their pupils for public schools.
вопросы:
Where do British children go when they are five?
Where do they go at the age of seven?
What school subjects are at junior schools?
What do British children have to write at the end of the junior school?
What school do 40 % of elementary school leavers in Britain go to?
Why don’t modern schools provide complete secondary education?
What does the grammar school after?
What allows pupils to enter University?
What does the comprehensive school combine in one school?
What difference is between private and state schools?
Задание 10
Содержание учебного задания 10: переведите словосочетания на английский язык
Ходить в дошкольное учреждение; первые шаги в чтении, письме и сете; покинуть дошкольное учреждение; начальная школа; школьные предметы; средняя школа определенного типа; средняя современная школа; не обеспечивать полное среднее образование; обучать общеобразовательным предметам; предлагать полное теоретическое среднее образование; получить аттестат о среднем образовании; поступить в университет; общеобразовательная школа; частные школы для мальчиков и девочек; независимые и подготовительные школы;...
3) to decide a controversy c) правовой спор; судебный спор
4) party in controversy d) решить спор
1 2 3 4
G
1) arrest process a) возбудить уголовное преследование
2) proceeding(s) b) приказ суда об аресте
3) to take criminal proceeding(s) c) судебный процесс, рассмотрение дела в суде, судебное разбирательство, судебная процедура, производство по делу, судопроизводство
6) forfeiture proceeding(s) f) гражданское производство
1 2 3 4 5 6
Test 2.
1. The following terms introduce you to the law and basic legal terminology. The words in this exercise are used a lot in the legal profession. Choose the right variant.
1. Money claimed by someone as compensation for harm done.
A) damages B) offence C) case D) tribunal
2. To send someone to prison or to a court.
A) fine B) plead C) convict D) commit
3. Not guilty of a crime.
A) judicial B) innocent C) guilty D) criminal
4. Any act which is not legal.
A) offence B) lawyer C) tribunal D) dispute
5. A person who has studied law and can act for people on legal business.
A) claimant B) defendant C) lawyer D) accused
6. A disagreement or argument between parties.
A) dispute B) breach C) case D) hearing
7. An official who presides over a court.
A) barrister B) defendant C) claimant D) judge
8. Someone who is accused of a crime in a criminal case.
A) lawyer B) solicitor C) defendant D) claimant
9. A person who makes a claim against someone in a civil court.
A) claimant B) defendant C) barrister D) lawyer
10. An agreement reached after an argument.
A) damages B) prosecution C)settlement D) judiciary
11. A court order telling someone to stop doing something, or not to do something.
A) appeal B) hearing C) injunction D) fine
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
2. Match the following English expressions with their Russian equivalents.
1. arbitrary government a) действующее правительство
2. authoritarian government b) местное самоуправление
3. colonial form of government c) военная администрация
4. government investigation d) смешанная форма правления
5. government of the day e) парламентское правление
6. government office f) правительство Её Величества
7. government official g) правящая партия
8. government party h) правительственные учреждения
9. government(al) department i) представительная форма правления
10. government(al) regulation j) временное правительство
11. government’s term of office k) распустить/расформировать правительство
12. Her Majesty’s Government l) органы государственного управления
13. local government m) автократия
14. military government n) президентская власть
15. mixed government o) авторитарная форма правления
16. organs of government p) правительственное ведомство
17. parliamentary government q) правительственное расследование
18. presidential government r) колониальная форма государственного устройства
19. provisional government s) постановление правительства
20. representative government t) правительственный чиновник
21. to dissolve the government u) срок полномочий правительства
1. Courts can be distinguished with regard to the type of cases they hear. Choose the right type of court according to the explanation of what happens there.
1. This is where a person under the age of 18 would be tried.
A) magistrates' court B) juvenile court
C) appellate court D) tribunal
2. This is the court of primary jurisdiction where a case is heard for the first time.
A) tribunal B) moot court
C) crown court D) lower court (or court of first instance)
3. This is where small crimes are tried in the UK.
A) magistrates' court B) appellate court
C) high court (or supreme court) D) small-claims court
4. This is where law students argue hypothetical cases.
A) small-claims court B) moot court
C) crown court D) high court (or supreme court)
5. This is where a case is reviewed which has already been heardin a lower court.
A) juvenile court B) court of Justice of the European Communities
C) appellate court (or court of appeals. appeals court) D) magistrates' court
1 2 3 4 5
2. Match the following Russian expressions with their English equivalents.
1. превышать свои полномочия a) competent authority
2. власть /полномочия парламента b) law-enforcement authorities/agencies
3. законная власть c) lawful authority
4. из надёжного источника d) on good authority
5. иметь/осуществлять власть e) the authority of Parliament
6. неограниченные полномочия f) to abuse one’s authority
7. наделять полномочиями кого-л. g) to endue with authority
8. облечь властью h) to gain in authority
9. передавать свои i) to hand over
полномочия кому-л. one’s authority to smb.
10. подрывать чей-л. авторитет j) to have/to exercise authority
11. правоохранительные органы k) to undermine smb.’s authority
12. авторитетный специалист l) to vest smb. with authority
13. приобретать всё большую власть m) unrestricted authority
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
3. Match the following English expressions with their Russian equivalents.
A
1) evidence for the plaintiff a) вызывать истца в суд
2) judgement for the plaintiff b) выступать в суде в качестве адвоката истца
3) plaintiff’s claim c) доказательства в пользу истца
4) to appear for the plaintiff d) исковое требование
5) to call the plaintiff e) свидетель, выставленный истцом
6) witness by the plaintiff f) судебное решение в пользу истца
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
B
1) convicted defendant a) подсудимый, содержащийся под стражей
2) defendant in custody b) осуждённый
3) defendant’s record c) досье подсудимого
4) defendant’s story d) свидетель, выставленный ответчиком/подсудимым
11) to agree k) специальный вердикт (решение to/upon a verdict присяжными частного вопроса)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Test 4.
1. The following terms introduce you to the people in the law. Complete these paragraphs with words or expressions from the box.
Barristers:
a) called to the Bar
b) exclusively
c) Inns of Court
d) pupilage
e) right of audience
In England and Wales, a barrister is a member of one of the 1) ____________(= the four law societies in London to which lawyers are members); he or she has passed examinations and spent one year in 2) ____________ (= training) before being 3) ____________ (= being fully accepted to practise law). Barristers have the 4) ____________ in all courts in England and Wales: in other words, they have the right to speak, but they do not have that right 5) ____________.
1 2 3 4 5
Magistrates:
a) adoption
b) affiliation
c) bench
d) clerk
e) commit
f) Crown Court
g) lay
h) Magistrates' Courts
i) sentence
j) stipendiary
k) trial
Magistrates usually work in 1) ____________. These courts hear cases of petty crime, 2) ____________,3) ____________, maintenance and violence in the home. The court can 4) ____________ someone for 5) ____________ or for 6) ____________ in a 7) ____________. There are two main types of magistrates: 8) ____________ magistrates (qualified lawyers who usually sit alone); 9) ____________ magistrates (unqualified, who sit as a 10) ____________ of three and can only sit if there is a justices' 11) ____________ present to advise them).
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
2. Match the following English expressions with their Russian equivalents
1. punitive sentencing a) карательная мера
2. punitive institution b) карательное воздействие
3. punitive justice c) карательное правосудие
4. punitive law d) карательное учреждение
5. punitive legislation e) лишение свободы как кара за совершённое преступление
6. punitive measure f) уголовное законодательство
7. punitive treatment g) уголовный закон
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3. Match the following English expressions with their Russian equivalents.
1. credit for time in custody a) возвращение под стражу
2. defendant not in custody b) дальнейшее содержание под стражей
3. detention in custody c) передать, препроводить под стражу
4. escape by person in custody d) допрос лица, находящегося под стражей
5. in-custody confession e) содержать под стражей
6. in-custody interrogation f) зачёт времени пребывания под стражей
7. person in custody g) лицо, содержащееся под стражей
8. remand in custody h) освободить из-под стражи
9. retention in custody i) побег из-под стражи
10. to discharge from custody j) подсудимый, находящийся на свободе
11. to keep in custody k) признание, сделанное лицом, находящимся под стражей
12. to submit to custody l) содержание под стражей
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
4. Match the following English expressions with their Russian equivalents.
A
1) breach of prison a) промышленная тюрьма (тюрьма, где заключённые работают в цехах, мастерских)
2) closed prison b) бежавший из тюрьмы
3) industrial prison c) бежать/совершить побег/из тюрьмы
4) open prison d) быть приговорённым к тюремному заключению
5) prison bar e) отбывать срок в тюрьме
6) prison breaker f) перевоспитание или обучение заключённых в тюрьме
7) prison education g) побег из тюрьмы/побег из-под стражи
8) prison lawyer h) тюремная камера
9) prison term i) тюремная решётка
10) prison ward j) тюремное заключение/тюремный срок
11) to be sent to prison k) тюремный юрист
12) to do one’s time l) тюрьма закрытого типа
(in prison)
13) to escape from prison m) тюрьма открытого типа (неохраняемая)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
B
1) to stand bail for smb. a) явиться в суд (о выпущенном под залог)
2) to accept/to allow/ b) быть отпущенным на поруки
to take bail for the prisoner
3) to forfeit/to jump one’s bail c) внести залог/поручиться за кого- либо
4) to find bail d) найти себе поручителя
5) release on bail e) не явиться в суд (об отпущенном под залог)
8) rehabilitation facility h) справка о реабилитации
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Test 5.
1. These sentences deal with company formation and management. In each case, choose the correct word or phrase to complete them.
1. The company is governed by the board of directors, whilst the day-to-day management is delegated a) upon b) to c) for the managing director.
2. In some companies. the articles of association a) make b) give c) allow provision for rotation of directors, whereby only a certain portion of the board must retire and present itself for reelection before the AGM.
3. Many small shareholders do not bother to attend shareholders' meetings and will often receive proxy circulars from the board, seeking authorisation to vote on a) the basis of b) in respect of c) on behalf of the shareholder.
1 2 3
VOCABULARY: LABOUR LAW
2. Arrange the paragraphs to make the whole text. It is the beginning of the text «LABOUR LAW».
a) Thus employees have certain rights enforceable by law:
• the right of fair treatment regardless of age, race, religion, gender, or disabilities;
• the right to equal treatment, also with regard to wages;
• the right not to be dismissed without proper cause and the correct procedures;
• the right not to be dismissed for giving birth to a child;
• the right for compensation when employees are retrenched.
b) The basic feature of individual labour law is that the rights and obligations of the worker and the employer between one another are mediated through the contract of employment between the two. Many terms and conditions of the contract are however implied by legislation or common law, in such a way as to restrict the freedom of people to agree to certain things in order to protect employees, and facilitate a fluid labour market.
c) In general, there are two broad categories of labour law. First, collective labour law relates to the three-party relationship between employee, employer and union. It mostly concerns the inequality of bargaining power between employers and workers.
d) Second, individual labour law concerns employees' rights at work and conditions and terms of employment.
e) Labour law is the body of laws, administrative rulings, and precedents which address the legal rights of, and restrictions on, working people and their organisations. As such, it mediates many aspects of the relationship between trade unions, employers and employees.
1 2 3 4 5
3. Match the following English expressions with their Russian equivalents.
1. evidence in the case a) вещественное доказательство
2. evidence on oath b) давать показания, представить доказательства
3. to give/offer/introduce/ c) доказательства вины; улики
produce evidence
4. to plant evidence d) доказательства или показания по делу
5. to weigh evidence e) доказательства, показания, полученные с нарушением закона
6. to withhold evidence f) доказательство из первых рук
The word law has many meanings, and this word is used variously in different fields. For example, physical science has its law of gravity, and economics has the law of supply and demand. Do these laws have precise definitions? Is the same precision possible in jurisprudence – the scientific study of law? Over the years, legal scholars have offered dozens of definitions of law, but none of them is universally accepted as absolutely definitive. How can this difficulty in defining law be explained?
The English word law refers to limits upon various forms of behaviour. Some laws are descriptive: they simply describe how people, or even natural phenomena, usually behave. An example is rather consistent law of gravity; another is the less consistent law of economics. Other laws are prescriptive – they prescribe how people ought to behave. For example, the speed limits imposed upon drivers are laws that prescribe how fast we should drive. They rarely describe how fast we actually do drive, of course.
In all societies, relations between people are regulated by prescriptive laws. Some of them are customs – that is, informal rules of social and moral behaviour. Some are rules we accept if we belong to particular social institutions, such as religious, educational and cultural groups. And some are precise laws made by nations and enforced against all citizens within their power.
What motives do governments have in making and enforcing laws? Social control is undoubtedly one purpose. Public laws establish the authority of the government itself, and civil laws provide a framework for interaction among citizens. Without laws, it is argued, there would be anarchy in society (although anarchists themselves argue that human beings would be able to interact peacefully without laws if there were no governments to interfere in our lives).
Another purpose is the implementation of justice. Justice is a concept that most people feel is very important but few are able to define. Sometimes a just decision is simply a decision that most people feel is fair. But can we create a just society by simply observing public opinion? If we are always fair to majorities, we will often be unfair to minorities. If we do what seems to be fair at the moment, we may create unfairness in the future. Many philosophers have proposed concepts of justice that are much more theoretical than everyday notions of fairness, and sometimes governments are influenced by philosophers. But in general, governments are guided by more practical considerations such as rising crime rates or the lobbing of pressure groups.
Sometimes laws are simply an attempt to implement common sense. It is obvious to most people that dangerous driving should be punished; that fathers should provide financial support for their children if they desert their families; that a person should be compensated for losses when someone else breaks an agreement with him or her. But in order to be enforced, common sense needs to be defined in law, and when definitions are being written, it becomes clear that common sense is not such a simple matter. Instead, it is a complex skill based upon long observation of many different people in different situations. Laws based upon common sense do not necessarily look much like common sense when they have been put into words.
In practice, governments are neither institutions solely interested in retaining power, nor clear-thinking bodies implementing justice and common sense. They combine many purposes and inherit many traditions. The laws that they make and enforce reflect this confusion.
Exercises:
1. Прочитайте текст и выберите основную идею абзаца № 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Соотнесите предложенные варианты с номером абзаца.
1) Social morality, rules and laws 1
2) Common sense and law 2
3) Public and civil laws 3
4) The concept of justice 4
5) Descriptive and prescriptive laws 5
2. Соотнесите английские словосочетания к их русскому эквиваленту, пользуясь текстом и электронным словарем.
1) natural phenomena a) последовательный, непоколебимый
2) consistent b) уровень преступности
3) to impose upon c) общественное мнение
4) to enforce against d) здравый смысл
5) public law e) основа, рамки
6) civil law f) явления природы
7) framework g) перенимать, наследовать традиции
8) implementation of justice h) применять к, осуществлять
9) public opinion i) налагать на
10) practical considerations j) нарушить соглашение
11) crime rate k) удерживать власть
12) common sense l) практические соображения
13) to break an agreement with m) публичное право
14) to retain power n) осуществление правосудия
15) to inherit traditions o) гражданское право
3. Сделайте подстановку синонимов, пользуясь текстом и электронным словарем.
1) Amended road laws impose new speed limits … drivers.
a) upon b) in c) — d) at
2) We accept some rules if we belong … particular social institutions, such as religious, educational and cultural groups.
a) for b) to c) at d) in
3) Laws are enforced … all citizens.
a) on b) among c) at d) against
4) Civil laws provide a framework … interaction among citizens.
a) for b) — c) in d) at
5) They may interfere … elections by the use of corrupt means.
a) on b) along c) in d) at
6) A person should be compensated … losses when someone else breaks an agreement with him or her.
a) by b) for c) at d) of
7) Descriptive laws are based … description or classification rather than explanation or prescription.
a) in b) at c) f d) upon
5. Переведите словосочетания из текста.
1) явления природы
2) публичное право
3) осуществление правосудия
4) закон тяготения
5) общественное мнение
6) предписанные водителям ограничения скорости
7) практические соображения
8) уровень преступности
9) применять здравый смысл
10) нарушить соглашение с
11) удерживание власти
12) гражданское право
13) перенимать много традиций
6. Заполните пропуски в предложениях из текста недостающими словами по смыслу. Первая буква каждого слова дана. Впишите полные слова в ответы.
1) P… laws give directions, rules, or injunctions, while d… laws are based upon description or classification rather than explanation or prescription.
2) Prescriptive laws comprise c… – usual or habitual practices, typical mode of behavior.
3) Laws of a country are enforced against all its c… .
4) P… l… is the branch of law that deals with relations between a state and its individual members.
5) Laws provide a f… for interaction among citizens.
6) J… is the principle of fairness that like cases should be treated alike.
7) One of the factors in determining the actions of government is p… o… .
8) The Democrats have a slim m… in the House, so they have more chances to influence adoption of the statute.
TEXT 2. CIVIL AND CRIMINAL LAW.
Part 1. Criminal Law.
The most useful classification of legal liability for practical purposes is into civil and criminal. The basic difference is that an infringement of criminal law renders you liable to prosecution and, if you are convicted, you are liable to be punished; an infraction of the civil law means that the injured party may sue you and, if you are found liable, you are likely to have to pay a monetary compensation called damages or have some other remedy awarded against you.
One important reason for being able to distinguish between criminal and civil liability is that you can always compromise a claim in relation to the civil law, that is, you can bargain with the claimant (the person or company which is bringing the action against you) with a view to avoiding court action.
Criminal law deals with criminal liability by assigning crimes and fixing punishments for them. Also included in criminal law are rules and procedures for preventing and investigating crimes and prosecuting criminals, as well as the regulations governing the constitution of courts, the conduct of trials, the organization of police forces, and the administration of penal institutions.
As a matter of fact criminal law is based on a number of universal principles. Here are some of them:
• there is a presumption that the accused is innocent and the prosecution must prove his guilt beyond reasonable doubt;
• responsibility can exist only in the presence of guilt;
• a person may not be considered guilty unless all elements of an alleged crime (corpus delicti) have been established in his acts;
• criminal punishment shall be applied only by a sentence of the court.
The following general defences may excuse the accused from criminal responsibility:
• lack of age (if an offender is under 14 he is incapable of committing a crime);
• self-defence (when people have good reason to believe they are in danger of serious injury or death, they can use force to protect themselves);
• defence of family members (courts will not punish someone for using force to rescue a family member from attack if there was good reason to believe the victim was in danger of severe bodily injury or death);
• insanity (but everyone is presumed sane until the contrary is proved);
• duress by threats or duress of circumstances;
• automatism (it may arise as the result of a reflex action or concussion);
• entrapment (if a law enforcement officer induces a law-abiding citizen to commit a crime, which would not have been committed without the involvement of the officer).
Exercises:
1. Соотнесите английские слова и словосочетания к их русскому переводу, пользуясь текстом и электронным словарем.
1) legal liability 1 нарушение закона/правила/контракта
2) civil 2 наказанный, подверженный наказанию
3) criminal 3 средство судебной защиты, средство защиты права
4) infringement 4 договариваться; вести переговоры
5) render 5 возбудить иск, предъявить иск
6) liable 6 ответственность перед законом, ответственность, признаваемая судом
7) prosecution 7 превращать, приводить в какое-либо состояние
10) punishment 10 несовершеннолетие (моложе установленного законом возраста, лишь по достижении которого наступает полная гражданская дееспособность)
11) defence 11 полицейские силы, полиция; полицейское подразделение
12) lack of age 12 защита на суде
13) commit a crime 13 устройство судов, структура судебной системы
14) self-defence 14 контузия, сотрясение
15) injury 15 увечье; травма; вред, ущерб
16) victim 16 находящийся в здравом рассудке; вменяемый
17) sane 17 кара, наказание
18) insanity 18 руководство, управление
19) duress by threats 19 принуждение под влиянием обстоятельств
20) duress of circumstances 20 вина; виновность
21) concussion 21 совершить преступление
22) entrapment 22 при отсутствии разумных оснований для сомнения
Part 2. Civil Law.
Although most laymen’s perception of law is associated with criminal acts, in fact the greater part of our law is civil law. For the most part civil law is concerned with the rights and duties of individuals (including legal individuals such as limited liability companies) as between themselves. Among civil law branches are such as Family law, Property law, Civil Rights law, Media law, Education law, Consumer protection law, Environmental law, etc.
The main areas of civil law with which a business may be concerned are:
Law of contract. This is concerned with the enforcement of promises, usually in the form of agreements. Such agreements may be formal written agreements or informal oral agreements, or even agreements to be implied from conduct.
Law of tort. A tort is a civil wrong, other than a breach of contract or a breach of trust (both of which are civil wrongs but are not torts), which may be remedied by an action for damages. Unlike contract the duty which is breached in committing a tort is fixed by the law, whereas the duty which is breached in committing a breach of contract is a duty undertaken voluntarily as a result of a promise to the other party. There are quite a number of individual torts: e.g. negligence, nuisance, trespass (to person, to goods, or to land), defamation, and deceit.
Commercial law. This law comprises the rules relating to specific types of contract such as sale of goods, supply of services, hire purchase, insurance, consumer credit, carriage of goods, etc.
Company law. This is the field of law concerning companies, corporations, partnerships and other business organizations. It also specifies the relationship between a business entity and outside parties who commercially interact with it.
Labour law. This can be divided into two parts. First, there is employment law – the part which regulates individual employment rights, for example, the rules relating to unfair dismissal, the right to redundancy payment, equal pay, etc. Secondly, there is industrial law – the part which relates to collective activity, for example, the law relating to industrial action, admission to and expulsion from trade unions, etc. Some employment law, particularly in the area of health and safety, is criminal law.
Land law. The main areas which concern businesses are the law relating to the relationship of landlord and tenant and planning law.
It is extremely important to understand that a particular course of conduct can give rise to consequences in both civil law and criminal law at the same time. For example, the crime of murder (and most other criminal offences involving physical injury) will at the same time involve the torts (that is, the civil wrongs) of assault and battery. The crime of causing criminal damage will amount to the tort of trespass to goods. The crime of causing death by dangerous driving will amount to the tort of negligence.
3. Соотнесите русские слова и словосочетания к их английскому переводу, пользуясь текстом и электронным словарем.
2) законодательство в области гражданских прав 2 action for damages
3) законодательство о средствах массовой 3 deceit информации
4) закон о защите потребителей 4 Consumer protection law
5) предприятие, фирма, компания, бизнес 5 laymen
6) иметь дело 6 sale of goods
7) принудительное применение (права, закона); 7 supply of правоприменение; принудительное проведение services в жизнь; принуждение к выполнению требований
8) подразумеваться 8 hire purchase
9) деликт, гражданское правонарушение 9 be implied
10) нарушение доверенным лицом своих 10 Civil Rights law обязанностей, предусмотренных договором, в пользу бенефициара
11) иск о возмещении убытков 11 undertake
12) брать на себя определённые обязательства, 12 be concerned принимать на себя
13) небрежность; невнимательность, халатность 13 breach of trust
14) помеха, неудобство; нарушение покоя, вред, 14 nuisance источник вреда, «зловредность» (в частности, причинение собственнику недвижимости помех и неудобств в пользовании ею)
15) противоправное нарушение владения с 15 business причинением вреда
16) обман, намеренное введение в заблуждение 16 tort
17) продажа товара; закон, описывающий права 17 negligence покупателя и продавца
18) продажа и предоставления услуг 18 Media law
19) покупка или продажа в рассрочку 19 trespass
4. Соотнесите английские слова и словосочетания к их русскому переводу, пользуясь текстом и электронным словарем.
1) insurance 1 приём на работу, трудоустройство
2) consumer credit 2 забастовочное движение
3) carriage of goods 3 определенное поведение, конкретные действия
4) partnership 4 товарищество, партнерство (некорпорированная фирма, которой управляют несколько компаньонов)
5) business entity 5 страхование
6) employment law 6 служить поводом, вызывать
7) employment 7 умышленное убийство
8) unfair dismissal 8 оскорбление действием
9) redundancy payment 9 несправедливое увольнение
10) industrial law 10 потребительский кредит
11) industrial action 11 профессиональные союзы
12) trade unions 12 опасное вождение
13) landlord 13 производственное право, закон о внутрипроизводственных отношениях
14) tenant 14 арендатор
15) planning law 15 предприятие
16) particular course of 16 пособие при увольнении в связи с conduct сокращением
17) give rise 17 собственник недвижимости
18) murder 18 перевозка товаров
19) assault and battery 19 законодательство о землеустройстве
20) dangerous driving 20 трудовое право
5. Поставьте T (true), если истинные, F (false), если ложные эти утверждения, исходя из информации, представленной в тексте «Civil and criminal law» Part 1 и Part 2.
1) A particular course of conduct can fall under both civil law and criminal law at the same time.
2) A person may be considered guilty as soon as any element of an alleged crime has been established in his acts.
3) Children under 16 are excused from criminal responsibility.
4) Criminal Law not only defines crimes and fixes punishments for them but also includes some procedures for preventing crimes.
5) Company law also specifies the relationship between a business entity and outside parties.
6) Labour law can be divided into seven parts.
6. Соотнесите слова и словосочетания к их переводу, пользуясь текстом и электронным словарем.
1) action for damages 1. защита
2) гражданское право 2. халатность, пренебрежение
3) корпоративное право 3. иск о возмещении убытков
4) поведение 4. presumption of innocence
5) corpus delicti 5. (to) prosecute
6) преступление 6. civil law
7) уголовное право 7. injured party
8) defences 8. punishment
9) виновный 9. company law
10) пострадавшая сторона 10. (to) commit a crime
11) трудовое право 11. labour law
12) договорное право 12. conduct
13) law of tort 13. (to) punish
14) liability 14. law of contract
15) negligence 15. состав преступления
16) презумпция невиновности 16. преследование
17) prosecution 17. деликтное право
18) наказание 18. crime
19) совершать преступление 19. guilt
20) преследовать 20. обязательство, ответственность
21) наказывать 21. criminal law
22) жертва 22. victim
7. Выполните письменный перевод текста «Part 2. Civil Law», пользуясь электронным словарем.
TEXT 3. EUROPEAN COMMUNITY.
The European Union (EU) is a supranational and intergovernmental union of 27 states with its total population about 500 million people. There are 23 official and working languages within the Union. Citizens of EU member states are also EU citizens: they directly elect the European Parliament, once every five years. They can live, travel, work, and invest in other member states (with some restrictions on new member states). Passport control and customs checks at most internal borders were abolished by the Schengen Agreement.
The European Union is governed by a number of institutions, these primarily being the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Court of Justice, and the European Parliament.
The European Commission acts as an executive or Civil Service. It is currently composed of one member from each state and is responsible for drafting all proposed law, a duty on which it maintains a monopoly in order to co-ordinate European Law. It also controls some agencies and the day-to-day running of the Union. Its president is nominated by the European Council then elected by the Parliament.
The Council of the European Union (also known as the Council of Ministers) forms one half of the Union's legislative branch (the other being the Parliament). It is composed of the respective national ministers. The body's presidency rotates between the member-states every 6 months, though the current president member-state cooperates with the previous and future president member-state, to provide continuity.
The European Parliament is the only Union body composed of officials directly elected on European issues. Every 5 years citizens in all member-states vote for 751 «MEPs» who form the second half of the Union's legislative branch. Seats are distributed among the European Union member states based on their respective populations. Its members sit according to political groups rather than nationality and its president is elected by its members.
The judicial branch of the Union consists primarily of the European Court of Justice composed of one judge nominated by each member-state with the president elected from among those nominees. Below the Court of Justice there is a lower court called the Court of First Instance created to lift some of the work load of the Court of Justice. There is also the European Court of Auditors which monitors the Union's accounts.
There is no official European capital, with institutions spread across a number of cities. However, Brussels is often considered the de facto capital as it hosts most of the primary institutions, including the Commission and the Council. The Parliament also has its second seat in the city. Strasbourg is the official seat of the European Parliament, meeting there for twelve week-long plenary sessions each year. Luxembourg City plays host to the Secretariat of the European Parliament as well as the European Court of Justice, the Court of First Instance and the European Court of Auditors.
EU law covers only member states themselves. Where a conflict arises between EU law and the law of a member state, EU law takes precedence, so that the law of a member state must lose effect. Both the provisions of the Treaties, and EU regulations are said to have «direct effect» horizontally.
The other main legal instrument of the EU, «directives», have direct effect, but only «vertically». Private citizens may not sue one another on the basis of EU directives, since these are meant to be addressed to the member state. Directives allow some choice for member states in the way they translate a directive into national law. Once this has happened citizens may rely on the law that has been implemented. They may only sue the government «vertically» for failing to implement a directive correctly.
Exercises:
1. Соотнесите английские словосочетания к их русскому переводу, пользуясь текстом и электронным словарем.
1) Supranational 1. чередовать(ся); сменять(ся) по очереди
5) European Court 5. кандидат на должность; номинант, of Justice (ECJ) претендент
6) Civil Service 6. таможенный досмотр
7) Presidency 7. принимать гостей, выступать в роли принимающей стороны
8) Rotate 8. внутренние границы
9) provide continuity 9. пленум; пленарное заседание
10) nominee 10. Шенгенский договор, 1985 (Соглашение «О постепенной отмене проверок на общих границах»; подписано в городке Шенген (Люксембург)
11) host 11. иметь преимущественное значение, превосходить по важности
12) plenary session 12. Европейский суд
13) take precedence 13. утратить юридическую силу
14) lose effect 14. аппарат международных организаций
15) sue 15. директива, предписание, руководящие разъяснения
16) directive 16. 1) президентство, обязанности президента; 2) председательство; обязанности председателя
2. Выполните письменный перевод текста «European community», пользуясь электронным словарем.
TEXT 4. THE US ATTORNEY.
In order to practice law in the USA, one must first be «admitted to the bar» in an individual state. This entails passing the state bar exam. The bar exam covers the law particular to that state and is approximately 6 hours in length. Thus attorneys in America are licensed to practice only in their home states. If they wish to practice in another state, they must fulfill that state's requirements - such as taking test on the specific features of that state's law (a part of the bar examination) before they can practice. Fortunately, there are some states that have reciprocity agreements when two or more states honor each other's rights or privileges, such as practicing law.
Generally, state bar examiners require evidence of three qualities in exam candidates: sufficient general education at the undergraduate level; sufficient US legal education; and sufficient knowledge of local bar requirements. Each state bar administration sets its own criteria for permission to sit the state bar exam.
In addition to the state bar exam, almost all states also require the Multistate Bar Exam (MBE). The MBE covers general legal knowledge in areas such as contracts, torts, constitutional law, criminal law, evidence and real property. It is a 6-hour, multiple choice exam made up of 200 questions.
A typical second day of testing includes series of timed essay exams on a variety of subjects. This portion may be comprised of two other multistate exams: the Multistate Essay Exam (MEE) and the Multistate Performance Test (MPT).
Part of the licensing process involves the assessment by bar examiners of an applicant’s character and fitness to engage in the practice of law. Currently, most states also require law students to pass the Multistate Professional Responsibility Examination (MPRE). The MPRE tests knowledge of the American Bar Association codes on professional responsibility and judicial conduct. The MPRE is a 2-hour, multiple-choice exam.
Upon admission to practice, an attorney is licensed to serve as both advocate and legal counselor. There is no division of the profession between barristers and solicitors, as in England.
At the same time on the federal level there exists the American Bar Association (ABA), which was founded in August 21, 1878 as a voluntary national organization of the legal profession. The activities of the association include maintenance of high ethical standards for the profession. The most current version of these standards, the Model Rules of Professional Conduct, was adopted in 2000.
The American Bar Association also accredits law schools under the authority of state high courts and the United States Department of Education, and according to standards developed by the association. Policies of the association are determined by a house of delegates representing the legal profession and administered by a board of governors. The ABA holds an annual meeting, which is the largest annual gathering of lawyers in the world, and is attended by approximately 12,500 international lawyers.
Exercises:
1. Соотнесите английские словосочетания к их русскому переводу, пользуясь текстом и электронным словарем.
1) cover 1. уровень начальной стадии высшего образования
6) undergraduate level 6. профессиональная ответственность
7) sit an exam 7. общий для определенного количества штатов
8) multistate 8. продолжительностью
9) multiple-choice exam 9. палата депутатов
10) essay exam 10. кодекс; система правил (поведения, чести, морали и т. д.)
11) performance test 11. экзамен, представляющий возможность выбора из предоставленных ответов
12) professional 12. соглашение, основанное на responsibility взаимности
13) code 13. уважать, соблюдать
14) judicial conduct 14. беспристрастное поведение, поведение юриста
15) current 15. сочинение-рассуждение
16) accredit 16. современный, популярный, широко распространенный
17) house of delegates 17. признать высшее учебное заведение правомочным выдавать дипломы и присваивать учёные степени
18) board of governors 18. экзаменатор, эксперт
2. Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту.
1) What must a person do if he wishes to practice law in the USA?
2) How may reciprocity agreements between states be connected with legal profession?
3) What qualities of candidates are evaluated by state bar examiners?
4) What areas does the MBE cover general legal knowledge in?
5) What does the MPRE tests knowledge code on?
6) How long does the MPRE last?
7) What activities does the ABA carry out?
8) How are the policies of the ABA determined and administered?
3. Поставьте T (true), если истинные, F (false), если ложные предложения, исходя из информации, представленной в тексте «The US attorney».
1) In order to practice law in the United States, one must be admitted to the ABA.
2) The criteria for permission to sit the state bar exam are the same all over the USA.
3) The state bar exam in most states is also known as the Multistate Bar Exam.
4) America has the same division of the profession between barristers and solicitors, as in England.
5) The ABA holds an annual meeting, which is the largest annual gathering of lawyers in the world.
4. Соотнесите глаголы к их определениям на английском языке, пользуясь текстом и электронным словарем.
to administer to admit to argue to compel to disclose
to educate to practice to qualify to regulate to represent
to require to sue
1) to allow somebody to become a member of a club, a school, or an organization;
2) to be a member of a group of people and act or speak on their behalf at an event, a meeting, etc.; to make a formal statement to somebody in authority to make your opinions known or to protest;
3) to control something by means of rules;
4) to force somebody to do something; to cause a particular reaction; to make something necessary;
6) to give reasons why you think that something is right / wrong, true / not true, etc., especially to persuade people that you are right;
7) to give somebody information about something, especially something that was previously secret;
8) to make a claim against somebody in court about something that they have said or done to harm you; to formally ask for something, especially in court;
9) to manage and organize the affairs of a company, an organization, a country, etc.; to make sure that something is done fairly and in the correct way;
10) to demand that smb should do, have or be sth, especially because it is their duty or responsibility; to make somebody do or have something, especially because it is necessary according to a particular law or set of rules;
11) to reach the standard of ability or knowledge needed to do a particular job, for example by completing a course of study or passing exams;
12) to teach somebody over a period of time at a school, university, etc.;
13) to work as a doctor, lawyer, etc.; to do an activity or train regularly so that you can improve your skill.
Text 5. LAW FIRM.
A law firm is a business entity formed by one or more lawyers to engage in the practice of law. The primary service provided by a law firm is to advise clients (individuals or corporations) about their legal rights and responsibilities, and to represent their clients in civil or criminal cases, business transactions and other matters in which legal assistance is sought.
Smaller firms tend to focus on particular specialties of the law (e.g. patent law, labor law, tax law, criminal defense, personal injury); larger firms may be composed of several specialized practice groups, allowing the firm to diversify their client base and market, and to offer a variety of services to their clients.
Law firms are organized in a variety of ways, but common arrangements include:
• sole proprietorship, in which the lawyer is the law firm and is responsible for all profit, loss and liability;
• general partnership, in which all of the lawyers in the firm equally share ownership and liability;
• limited liability partnership, in which the lawyer-owners are partners with one another, but no partner is liable to any creditor of the law firm nor is any partner liable for any negligence on the part of any other partner;
• limited liability company, in which the lawyer-owners are called «members» but are not directly liable to third party creditors of the law firm.
In many countries, including the United States and the United Kingdom, there is a rule that only lawyers may have an ownership interest in, or be managers of, a law firm. Thus, law firms cannot quickly raise capital through initial public offerings on the stock market, like most corporations. The rule was created in order to prevent conflicts of interest.
Lawyers are paid for their work in a variety of ways. In private practice, they may work for an hourly fee, a contingency fee (usually in cases involving personal injury), or a lump sum payment if the matter is straightforward. Normally, most lawyers negotiate a written fee agreement up front and may require a non-refundable retainer in advance. In many countries there are fee-shifting arrangements by which the loser must pay the winner's fees and costs.
Lawyers working directly on the payroll of governments, nonprofits, and corporations usually earn a regular annual salary. In many countries lawyers can also volunteer their labor in the service of worthy causes through an arrangement called pro bono (for the common good). Traditionally such work was performed on behalf of the poor, but in some countries it has now expanded to many other causes like the natural environment.
Exercises:
1. Соотнесите английские словосочетания к их русскому переводу, пользуясь текстом и электронным словарем.
1) engage in 1. «конфликт интересов», злоупотребление положением в личных целях»
2) business transaction 2. соглашение об оплате услуг
Ex. 1. Match the following expressions with their equivalents: A) English with Russian, B) Russian with English
A.
1. to prosecute offender a. устаревший закон
2. public scrutiny b. первое/второе чтение
3. Human Rights Act c. отменить закон
4. criminal prosecution d. Верховный Суд
5. obsolete law e. сфера действия права
6. judge f. общественное рассмотрение
7. first/second reading g. закон о правах человека
8. to repeal law h. преследовать правонарушителя
9. High Court i. уголовное преследование
10. field of law j. судья
B.
1. внешняя политика a. to be elected
2. особые полномочия, юрисдикция b. legislation
3. доказательство c. eventual decision
4. гражданин d. to be elected
5. окончательное решение e. hierarchy of the courts
6. общественный орган f. jurisdiction
7. быть избранным g. foreign policy
8. иерархия судов h. evidence
9. быть выбранным i. citizen
10. законопроект j. public body
Ex. 2. Choose the right definition of the following terms:
1. A branch of law which is concerned with persons, corporations, property and relationships
a. private
b. substantive law
c. family law
d. public law
2. Upper house of UK Parliament
a. chamber
b. House of Commons
c. House of Lords
d. elected body
3. An agreement between countries
a. law
b. Constitution
c. Assembly
d. Convention
4. A request at court for compensation or for protecting rights
a. act
b. law
c. claim
d. action
Ex. 3. Make up sentences with the following words:
1. the UK, there are, jurisdictions, three, in.
2. primary legislation, in, and, secondary legislation, the UK, there are,.
3. between, more , the distinction, important, criminal, and, civil law, is.
4. are elected, they, by majority.
5. it, at the second reading, happens.
6. their experience, different titles, depending on, training, judges, have, and, level.
7. citizens, all, before, are equal, the law.
UNIT 2.
Ex. 1. Match the following expressions with their equivalents: A) English with Russian, B) Russian with English
A.
1. petty crime a. убийство
2. common law b. наркобизнес
3. hear the evidence c. вред, ущерб
4. sentence d. истец
5. harm e. мелкое правонарушение
6. circuit judge f. правовая система
7. homicide g. заслушать показания
8. plaintiff h. окружной судья
9. legal system i. приговор
10. drug dealing j. общее право
B.
1. обвинять в a. legal practice
2. суд по делам несовершеннолетних b. consumer complaint
3. юридическая практика c. prosecute
4. дело о банкротстве d. the Сrown court
5. услуги e. the youth/juvenile court
6. присяжные f. сharge with
7. травма g. bankruptcy case
8. жалоба потребителя h. services
9. королевский суд i. the jury
10. преследовать в судебном порядке j. injury
Ex. 2. Choose the right definition of the following terms:
1. Period of time when Parliament discussed idea of passing new act
a. to pass an Act
b. a consultative process
c. legislative process
d. to enforce
2. Association of people who tries to influence the legislative process in their own interest
a. voluntary organization
b. professional body
c. government ministers
d. pressure group
3. Common law is…
a. a unified system of precedents, the total for the whole of Britain, one of the components of the Anglo-Saxon legal system based on local customs and practiced by the royal courts.
b. hierarchy of the courts in the UK.
c. the Human Rights Act of 1988.
Ex. 3. Make up sentences with the following words:
1. new legislation, is, enacted, how?
2. and, consists of, the common law, procedural rules, the substantive law.
3. deal with, petty, crimes, the Magistrate’s Courts.
4. it, and, rights, liabilities, defines, duties.
5. the court, life peers, consists of, and, of the House of Lords, appointed, twelve, from, judges, barristers.
6. trial, in, by the Normans, was brought, to England, by jury, 1066.
7. the hierarchy, the common law, is, essential to, of the courts, in the UK.
UNIT 3.
Ex.1. Match the following expressions with their equivalents: A) English with Russian, B) Russian with English
A.
1. legal aid a. расследовать преступление
2. cross-examination b. воровство
3. investigate a crime c. правовая помощь
4. indictable offence d. coглашение
5. will e. решение суда
6. convention f. признавать себя виновным
7. assent g. санкция
8. plead guilty h. перекрестный допрос
9. theft i. завещание
10. judicial decision j. преступление, подлежащие уголовному рассмотрению
B.
1. осуждение a. detain
2. обязанность b. prison
3. задержать c. criminal
4. обеспечивать d. liability
5. требование e. conviction
6. вызов, повестка в суд f. duty
7. ответственность g. claim
8. тюрьма h. provide
9. иск i. summon
10. преступник j. requirement
Ex. 2. Choose the right definition of the following terms:
1. Legal system is…
a. an interpretation of law.
b. a set of rules, institutions and industry rights in their relationship.
c. statements of law.
2. Judicial decision is…
a. a resolution of the specific law court for the concrete case.
b. a legal procedure
c. an interpretation of law
3. Precedent is…
a. a resolution of the specific law court for the concrete case which has the source of power
b. is a legislation
c. procedural rules
Ex. 3. Make up sentences with the following words:
1. are, assault, indictable offences, drug dealing, such as, theft, and, serious ones, murder.
2. as comfortably, to live, every country, to provide, that, its people, laws, safely, and, tries, will help, as possible.
3. is, the examination, of a witness, cross-examination.
4. compensation, the legal text, injuries, deals with, for, bodily.
5. any, a judicial decision, can get, accused person.
6. of, is regarded, as a father, Cesare Lombroso, to be, of, the scientific study, criminals.
7. to make, if, you, consult, your will, a lawyer, want.
UNIT 4.
Ex.1. Match the following expressions with their equivalents: A) English with Russian, B) Russian with English
A.
1. monetary sum a. неплатежеспособность
2. make an order b. встречный иск
3. judgement c. вступить в силу
4. witness d. денежно-кредитная сумма
5. insolvency e. нарушение условий контракта
6. practicing lawyer f. выплата по долгам
7. come into force g. предъявить ордер
8. breach of contract h. свидетель
9. counterclaim i. судебное решение
10. debt repayment j. практикующий юрист
B.
1. процессуальное право a. litigation
2. частное право b. claim form
3. подробные сведения (отчет) c. right
4. публичное право d. commit a crime
5. право (гражданина) e. procedural law
6. развод f. private law
7. тяжба, судебный процесс, спор g. constitutional law
8. бланк заявления h. public law
9. совершить преступление i. particulars
10. конституционное право j. divorce
Ex. 2. Choose the right definition of the following terms:
1. Stipendiary is
a. a member of House of Lords
b. a full-time paid magistrate who has qualified as a lawyer
c. a student who receives scholarships
2. Lay magistrate is
a. unpaid member of the local law community
b. a barrister
c. a judge
3. Circuit is
a. an administration of a Youth Court
b. a criminal division of the Court of Appeal
c. a geographical division for legal purposes
4. Recorder is
a. a part-time judge with ten years standing as a barrister or solicitor
b. one of juries
c. a magistrate of the Magistrates’ Court
Ex. 3. Make up sentences with the following words:
1. who, commit ,are, persons, criminals, crimes.
2. came into force, in 2014, rules, only, these.
3. a secretary, a claim form, ask, about.
4. concerning insolvency, breach of contract, aren’t investigated, and, in this court, the cases.
5. the study, of basic laws, constitutional law, is, of nation states, and, other political organizations.
6. am sure, there were, some, I, witnesses.
7. equal rights, the law, have, before, all citizens.
UNIT 5.
Ex. 1. Match the following expressions with their equivalents: A) English with Russian, B) Russian with English
A.
1. tribunal a. правительство
2. citizenship b. таможенный союз
3. human rights c. публичный
4. economic integration d. квота
5. public e. вторичное законодательство
6. frontier f. права человека
7. government g. экономическая интеграция
8. customs union h. гражданство
9. secondary legislation i. трибунал
10. quota j. граница
B.
1. профессиональное мастерство a. corporation
2. консультант правовед b. measure
3. проект документов c. have a right of audience
4. частные фирмы d. international law firm
5. ордер, приказ e. regulation
6. корпорация f. professional skills
7. мера g. draft documents
8. международная юридическая фирма h. private firms
9. постановление i. legal adviser
10. иметь право голоса j. warrant
Ex. 2. Choose the right definition of the following terms:
1. Witness is
a. a person who does not like a crime
b. a person who guesses that this or that
c. a person who has committed a crime
d. a person who saw or heard something about the offence
2. Alibis:
a. system of circumstantial evidences
b. incontestable proofs of innocence of the suspected person
c. a Swiss cheese Grade
d. gastric illness
3. Burglary:
a. secret plunder of somebody’s property
b. a murder for the purpose of a body plunder
c. an institute of witnesses’ protection
d. irrational use of napkins
Ex. 3. Make up sentences with the following words:
1. the power of the monarch, Magna Carta, established, of limited government, where, the principle, was limited.
2. this person, is not, eighteen, a right of audience, because, doesn’t have, he, yet.
3. decide, obligations, and, of private citizens, the rights, tribunals,.
4. of law, regulations, one of the sources, are, in any country.
5. the European Convention of Human Rights, the UK, signed up.
6. in, Mr.Green, to allow officers after refusing, was arrested, without a warrant.
7. works, in the private firm, he, as a legal adviser.
UNIT 6.
Ex. 1. Match the following expressions with their equivalents: A) English with Russian, B) Russian with English
A.
1. unlimited liability a. условный приговор
2. assistant solicitor b. временный судебный запрет
3. pickpocket c. неограниченная ответственность
4. life imprisonment d. председательствующий в суде
5. legal person e. управление автомобилем в нетрезвом состоянии
6. suspended sentence f. помощник поверенного
7. probation officer g. карманник
8. on the Bench h. должностное лицо, осуществляющее надзор за условно осужденными
9. interim injunction i. пожизненное заключение
10. drunk-driving j. юридическое лицо
B.
1. профессиональная ответственность a. sister firm
2. поверенный b. tax
3. правовой, юридический c. lawyer
4. существенные инвестиции d. court
5. налог e. relevant expertise
6. дочерняя фирма f. identification procedure
7. процедура идентификации g. significant investment
8. суд h. professional indemnity
9. судебное разбирательство, слушание дела i. legal
10. соответствующая экспертиза j. trial
Ex. 2. Choose the right definition of the following terms:
1. Appellant is
a. a victim
b. a judge
c. a person who appeals
2. Defendant is
a. a person working in the court
b. a person protecting a society
c. a person making laws
d. a person charged with a crime
3. Witness is
a. a life-sentence prisoner
b. a person committing a crime
c. a convicted prisoner
d. a person who saw or heard something about the offence
4. Plaintiff is
a. a person who protests
b. a party who begins an action, complains
c. a person who uses a magic power
d. one from whom a person is descended or sues
Ex. 3. Make up sentences with the following words:
1. a special law, taxes, are regulated, prices of goods, by, and.
2. to the court, a case, unfair dismissal, could be considered, of.
3. in crowded places, a pickpocket, a person, steals, things, who, from people’s pockets, is.
4. one of the sources, regulations, are, of law, in any country.
5. Helsinki, in, three, ago, John, worked, years, a sister firm, in.
6. under, the supervision, are, a lot of, accused persons, of, a probation officer.
7. the judge’s area, is, the Bench, of the Court.
UNIT 7.
Ex. 1. Match the following expressions with their equivalents: A) English with Russian, B) Russian with English
A.
1. employee a. убийство с заранее обдуманным умыслом
2. murder b. ответственность за
3. profit c. осуждение
4. bargain d. расследование
5. offence e. служащий
6. investigation f. долги
7. responsibility for g. отношение
8. condemnation h. прибыль
9. debts i. нарушение, проступок
10. relation j. сделка
B.
1. предприятие a. sole trader
2. товарищество, партнерство b. trading certificate
3. регистрационный номер c. shareholder
4. частная компания с ограниченной ответственностью d. articles of association
5. разрешение на торговлю e. partnership
6. акционер f. bailiff
7. устав акционерной компании g. assets
8. единоличный торговец h. Private Limited Company
9. активы, капитал, фонды i. registered number
10. судебный исполнитель j. enterprise
Ex. 2. Choose the right definition of the following terms:
1. Claimant is
a. a plaintiff
b. a military man
c. a state prosecutor participating in judicial session
d. an employee of a security company
2. Monetary value is
a. a secret plunder of smb's property
b. an object of the world representing gold-currency
c. an institute of witnesses protection
d. an irrational use of napkins
3. Counterclaim
a. claim presented by a defendant in opposition to the claim of the plaintiff
b. a document for reviewing a case in the Higher court
c. a judgment about guiltiness and innocence of a person
d. a document about privileges for somebody
Ex. 3. Make up sentences with the following words:
1. in the investigation, bad mistakes, were made, a few.
2. a common form, partnership, for certain kinds, of business, is, of structure.
3. quiet different, to the police, the relation, is.
4. was accepted, a trading certificate, last month.
5. who, someone, shares, as a shareholder, owns, is known,.
6. of the business, was, a person, was responsible for, who, all the debts, he.
7. bankruptcy, on the verge, this company, is, of.
UNIT 8.
Ex.1 atch the following expressions with their equivalents: A) English with Russian, B) Russian with English
A.
1. loan a. ссуда под недвижимость
2. personal responsibility b. рыночная стоимость
3. par value c. уголовное преступление
4. defaulting company d. торговая палата
5. permission e. трудовой контракт
6. mortgage f. заем
7. criminal offense g. номинальная стоимость
8. Companies House h. личная ответственность
9. employment contract i. умирающая компания
10. market value j. разрешение
B.
1. смертная казнь a. allowance
2. спор по гражданским делам b. tax exemption
3. уплата налога c. tax policy
4. денежное пособие d. financial state of a company
5. уклонение от уплаты налогов e. tax-relief
6. декларация (возврат налога) f. Tax Return
7. освобождение от налогов g. civil dispute
8. скидка на налог h. tax-avoidance
9. налоговая политика i. capital punishment
10. финансовое состояние компании j. tax payment
Ex. 2. Choose the right definition of the following terms:
a. Legal system is
a. statements of law
b. a set of different institutions
c. interpretation of law
b. Cite case is
a. a reference to a case
b. a procedural rule
c. a legislation
3. Dismissal is
a. a special expertise
b. discharge from office
c. a witness statement
Ex. 3. Make up sentences with the following words:
1. a first legal charge, over the property, is, a mortgage.
2. the court’s decision, may be fined, by, the defaulting company.
3. has, the director of the company, for company’s deals, personal responsibility.
4. of, tax payment, the responsibility, is, all companies.
5. and, Tax Return, of income, is, for declaration, a form, allowance.
6. Interchangeable, are, and, the words,” loan agreement”, “loan contract”.
7. the early nineteenth century, in, capital punishment, was widespread.
UNIT 9.
Ex.1. Match the following expressions with their equivalents: A) English with Russian, B) Russian with English
A.
1. tax benefits a. поглощение (путем приобретения ценных бумаг), слияние компаний
2. forfeiture b. деликтное право
3. stock market c. истец
4. information gathering d. законное оправдание
5. claimant e. гражданский иск
6. tort law f. сбор информации
7. lawful justification g. налоговые льготы
8. market investigation h. конфискация
9. merger i. изучение (исследования) рынка
10. civil proceeding j. рынок ценных бумаг
B.
1. потребитель a. slander
2. насилие b. financial loss
3. похититель людей c. trespass
4. клевета, кляуза (в письменном виде) d. defamation
5. клевета (в СМИ) e. negligence
6. клевета (в устной форме) f. consumer
7. финансовые потери g. nuisance
8. нарушение общественного порядка h. forcible injury
9. злоупотребление i. kidnapper
10. халатность, небрежность, невнимательность j. libel
Ex. 2. Choose the right definition of the following terms:
1. Directives are
a. The power to govern
b. Citizenship
c. Special rules binding on member states but not individuals until they have been transposed into national law
2. Recommendations are
a. Laws for everybody
b. Binding on those to whom they are addressed
c. Persuasive, that is, have influence
3. Decisions are
a. Human rights
b. Goods
c. Binding on there to whom they are addressed
Ex. 3. Make up sentences with the following words:
1. was accused, ex-director, with forfeitures, of, his company.
2. in, to be, happened, a good specialist, he, the market investigation.
3. had, one, the largest regional building firm, of ,a great financial loss.
4. his, in theft , defamed, neighbor, him.
5. clinical negligence, specialize, in, at a regional firm, David Jones,.
6. than, during, were mergered, more, twenty, companies, the last three years, by this foreign concern.
UNIT 10.
Ex.1. Match the following expressions with their equivalents: A) English with Russian, B) Russian with English
A.
1. tort a. ответчик
2. mental disability b. ошибочный, неверный, правонарушение
3. wrong c. аренда
4. medical records d. умственная неспособность (недееспособность)
5. lease e. договор продажи (покупки)
6. contract law f. договор о найме
7. sales agreement g. соглашение о продаже в рассрочку
8. defendant h. медицинская документация
9. a hire contract i. контрактное право
10. a hire purchase agreement j. гражданское правонарушение, деликт
B.
1. договор личного найма (трудовой договор) a. delay
2. встречная оферта b. vendor
3. поставка c. parties concerned
4. заинтересованные стороны d. counter offer
5. цена e. delivery
6. жертва f. terms of the agreement
7. продавец (недвижимости), риелтор g. price
8. условия юридического соглашения h. service contract
9. долг, связанный с азартной игрой i. victim
10. отсрочка j. gambling debt
Ex. 2. Choose the right definition of the following terms:
1. Will
b. a paper about leaving your property to somebody
c. suggestion
d. contract
e. partnership form
2. Experience
a. regulations
b. skills
c. rules
d. test
3. Barrister
a. trainee
b. Business man
c. legal person
d. supervisor
4. Privatization
a. taking to property
b. leaving to somebody
c. instructing a client
d. practicing as a solicitor
Ex. 3. Make up sentences with the following words:
1. is, breach of contract, a civil wrong, that, excludes, a tort.
2. the terms, both parties, tried, to keep, of the agreement, concerned.
3. to be delivered, was unlikely, to the defendant, the claim.
4. as a vendor, my, sister, works.
5. but, gambling debts, Mr. Smith, always, gambled, had, never.
UNIT 11.
Ex. 1. Match the following expressions with their equivalents: A) English with Russian, B) Russian with English
A.
1. warranty a. навязывать, возлагать
2. void contract b. рекламация (претензия)
3. clause c. пострадавшая сторона
4. pre-condition d. разрыв контракта
5. Transfer Deed e. условие контракта
6. impose on f. недействительный договор
7. representation g. документ о передачи права собственности
8. discharge of contract h. гарантия
9. term of a contract i. клаузула (статья в договоре)
10. innocent party j. предварительное условие
B.
1. предложение (оферта) a. principal
2. поставка товаров b. purchaser
3. предприниматель c. licensor
4. шеф, начальник d. licensee
5. поставщик e. offer
6. лицензиат f. supply of goods
7. покупатель g. trainee
8. лицензиар h. entrepreneur
9. стажер, практикант i. supplier
Ex. 2. Choose the right definition of the following terms:
1. Draft
a. form
b. project
c. legal system
d. court
2. Trainee
a. a person who practices in professional activity
b. a person who graduate in a nonlaw subject
c. a lay client
d. a member of Inn
3. A Bachelor of laws
a. a scientific degree
b. a badge of a law student
c. a name of a law subject
d. a qualifying law degree
4. Litigation
a. an advocacy training
b. a questioning
c. a trial
d. a shop-lifting
Ex. 3. Make up sentences with the following words:
1. to break, a warranty, the other party, as discharged, doesn’t permit, the contract.
2. for sale, this, is, offered, object.
3. under this act, of unfair terms, the country, the use, imposed on, of a contract.
4. with licensors, licensees, many firms, who, work, and, there are.
5. it, a purchaser, some product, sells, and, buys, a supplier.
6. for, this, trainees, non-academic society, educational resources, provides of high quality, its.
UNIT 12.
Ex. 1. Match the following expressions with their equivalents: A) English with Russian, B) Russian with English
A.
1. copyright law a. печать, пломба
2. breach of copyright b. лицензионное соглашение
3. law firm’s Real Estate c. пролонгация договора
4. insurance of the property d. арендодатель
5. license agreement e. авторское право
6. freeholder f. арендатор
7. approval g. страхование собственности
8. seal h. агентство недвижимости
9. tenant i. нарушение авторского права
10. renewal of the lease j. одобрение
B.
1. работник a. patent office
2. оплата труда b. Employment law
3. отпуск по уходу за ребенком c. copyright protection
4. неполный рабочий день d. sick pay
5. заявление, форма заявления e. employment tribunal
6. защита авторских прав f. parental leave
7. трудовое право g. wage
8. патентное бюро h. applicant
9. пособие по болезни i. employee
10. условия труда j. part-time employment
Ex. 2. Choose the right definition of the following terms:
1. Lawyer
a. a wide nonspecific group of people who share some of the same background and culture
b. a professional who practices law
2. Act
a. the petition of people
b. the decree of a state body
3. The bargain
a. business contract between somebody
b. relations of people
Ex. 3. Make up sentences with the following words:
1. when buying, of packaging, pay attention, to the seal, any expensive devices.
2. everybody, a license agreement, demanded, for this service.
3. to this institute, there were, a hundred applicants.
Ex. 2. Here are the answers to some questions on the text. What are the questions?
1. The Act of Settlement 1700.
From where statutory basis for the appointment of judges dates from?
2. The existing country court judges became Circuit judges.
What does the re-organization of the criminal courts under the Courts Act 1971 stated?
3. A full-time district judge is barred from legal practice.
How does the full-time district judge is barred?
4. Registrars are responsible for procedural steps in court proceedings.
What registrars are responsible for?
...
1. Обучающий тест "Трудовая деятельность (описание профессий)"
Вопрос 1
Study the Glossary. Then look at the list of different jobs in the boxes below, and match each one with the person who is speaking in 1 – 15.
1. Hello. Welcome to Wy-T Computers. Have you got an appointment? Good. Take a seat and I'll call up to her office. Would you like a coffee while you wait?
2. Good morning. My name is Angela Ranscombe, and I am responsible for my company's productive use of its workforce.
3. Hello. I'm Hilary Hannah. I type letters, file documents, arrange meetings and so on, for the various people in my office.
4. Hi. My name's Sue Smith. I do a lot of small jobs in and around the office. If you want some filing done, some mail posted, or if you just want a cup of tea, I'm the one to ask!
5. Hello. My name's Adam Dent. I help customers who are having problems with our products. I spend most of my day on the phone.
6. I'm Anne Langsdale, and I've been appointed by the shareholders to help run the company.
7. Hello there. Don Brown. Nice to meet you. I make sure that the company is being run efficiently and effectively.
8. My name's Liz Hamley, and I suppose I'm the big cheese around here. Basically I'm the most important director in charge of the company.
9. I'm Judy Briers. I work directly for Liz Hamley, and for her alone. I perform various secretarial and administrative duties for her.
10. I'm Laurence Woodham. I'm a senior employee here, with director status and administrative and legal authority. This is a legal requirement for all limited companies in the UK.
11. Good morning. I'm Peter Feltham, and I preside over the company's board meetings.
12. And I'm Helen Brown. I attend board meetings, but only to listen and give advice. I cannot usually make decisions on behalf of the company.
13. Hi there. My name's Mark Searle, and I supervise the production process.
14. And I'm Bob Wheatley. I help Mark Searle.
15. My name's Ryan Briggs. I'm responsible for developing our employees' potential through courses and other staff development programmes.
Вопрос 2
Study the Glossary. Then look at the list of different jobs in the boxes below, and match each one with the person who is speaking in 1 – 15.
1. My name's Ryan Briggs. I'm responsible for developing our employees' potential through courses and other staff development programmes.
2. Good morning. I'm Edward Saville. I control the company finances. Can't stop to talk: I need to get these tax forms completed.
3. I'm Don Prescott. I've been hired by the company's head office to check Mr Saville's figures. We're not sure that everything adds up.
4. My name's Mary Myers. I actually work in the company's other office in Birmingham, and am responsible for the company's operations there.
5. I'm Sarah Keats. I'm responsible for planning and controlling our marketing activities and budgets.
6. I'm Richard Giddings. It's my job to make sure consumers know all about our latest range of products.
7. Hello. I'm Bill Kennedy. I visit clients around the country and talk to them directly about our products.
8. Morning. Barry Ramp. I'm highly skilled, I'm told, so I've been put in charge of all the workers on the factory floor.
9. Andy Kelly. Hi. I'm just an ordinary worker on the factory floor, but I represent the workers in discussions with the managers about things like wages and conditions of employment.
10. My name's Jennie Bryant. I don't actually work for the company, but there's currently a dispute going on between the workers and the management regarding pay, so I've been brought in to try to sort things out.
11. I'm Joy Bell. I don't work for the company either, but I might be officially appointed to sort out the dispute mentioned above, and make a binding decision. This will only happen if Jennie Bryant is unable to resolve it.
12. Hello. I'm Tabitha Sutcliffe. I finished university last month, and I'm here to learn a bit about the company and how it operates. I'm hoping that they'll offer me a job.
13. I'm Sam Michaud. Has your hard-drive crashed? Is your printer jammed? Can't get on line? Don't worry, I'll get it sorted out.
14. Hi. I'm Naomi Yarnton. I'm in charge of the team who contact potential clients on the phone.
15. My name's Eddie Jobsworth. Have you got ID? Sorry, can't let you go any further here without ID. You're going to have to leave. Now, please.
Вопрос 3
The right job for you. Study Grammar and put the verbs in the gerund (e.g. working) ot the infinitive (e.g. to work)
1. I am good at (listen) listening people.
2. I enjoy (help)
other people.
3. I don't mind (earn)
not a very large salary.
4. I would like (work)
as a part of a team.
If you have most ticks in 1-4, the best job for you would be in 'caring professions'. If you are good at science, you may think of medicine, for example a doctor or a nurse. Teaching or social work would also suit your personality
5. I am good at (make)
quick decisions.
6. (take)
risks doesn't stress me.
7. I don't find it difficult (work)
by myself.
8. I am not afraid of (manage)
large amounts of money.
If you have most ticks in 5-8, you should consider a job in the world of business, for example sales or marketing. Other possibilities include accountancy, or working in the stock market.
9. I am good at (express)
myself.
10. I always try (follow)
my instincts.
11. It's important for me (be)
creative.
12. I enjoy (improvise)
. If you have most ticks in 9-12, you need a creative job. Depending on your specific talents, you might enjoy the work in the field of music, art or literature. Areas that would suit you include publising, journalism, graphic design, fashion or music industry.
13. (do)
complex calculations is not difficult for me.
14. I enjoy (solve)
logical problems.
15. I find it easy (understand)
theoretical principles.
16. I am able (calculate)
space and distance.
If you have most ticks in 13-16, you have an analytical mind. A job in computer science or engineereing would suit you. Architecture and relarted jobs are another possibility.
Вопрос 4
Read the text about three famous people’s first jobs and for questions 1 to 6, choose the correct answer.
Famous people’s first jobs
Not all famous people were born into famous families. A lot of them had normal lives before becoming famous. They also had jobs like the rest of us. Here are just a few:
Former President Obama worked at an ice-cream parlour selling ice-cream cones. He was in high school in Honolulu, Hawaii and said it was quite hard. He also said that the job taught him about responsibility, hard work and how to spend time with work, friends and family.
Brad Pitt had a weird job when he was younger. He worked as a chicken! That’s right. He worked at a restaurant called El Pollo Loco in Hollywood, and his job was to dress up like a chicken and wave at the cars on the road. In fact, if you go on a “See the Stars” tour in Hollywood, many of them will take you past the same restaurant where Brad used to work.
Maybe the strangest path in life was that of Pope Francis. When he was young in Argentina, he worked several jobs before joining the Jesuits and dedicating his life to religion. He worked as a cleaner sweeping floors, a chemical tester at a laboratory and as a bouncer at a bar! Yes, the pope was the person responsible for security at a bar in case anything wrong happened. Can you imagine?!
1. Who helped protect people?
a. President Obama
b. Brad Pitt
c. Pope Francis
2. Who pretended to be an animal?
a. President Obama
b. Brad Pitt
c. Pope Francis
3. Who learned a lot from their first job?
a. President Obama
b. Brad Pitt
c. Pope Francis
4. Who worked in advertising?
a. President Obama
b. Brad Pitt
c. Pope Francis
5. Who thought the job was difficult?
a. President Obama
b. Brad Pitt
c. Pope Francis
6. Who had a couple of different jobs?
a. President Obama
b. Brad Pitt
c. Pope Francis
Вопрос 5
Listen to Marta talking about her apprenticeship. For questions 1 to 7, choose the correct answer.
1. What did Marta do after leaving school?
a. She got a job.
b. She went to university.
c. She started her apprenticeship.
2. How did she find out about the apprenticeship?
a. from a friend
b. from a university jobcentre
c. from a magazine
3. How many departments does she work in each year?
a. three
b. four
c. five
4. Which department is she working in at the moment?
a. administration
b. services
c. environment
5. How often does she attend lectures?
a. one day a week
b. two days a week
c. three days a week
6. How many apprentices attend her lectures?
a. four
b. twelve
c. fifty
7. Which sentence is NOT true about her plans for after the apprenticeship?
a. She must work for the company for four years.
b. She is interested in working in planning.
c. She would like to work in Indonesia.
2. Обучающий тест "Устройство на работу"
Вопрос 1
Study the glossary. Complete the conversation with words or expressions from the boxes below.
Sandra: What are you reading?
Terry: I'm looking at the jobs pages in the paper, There's something here I like the sound of. Modus International, a l supplier of car parts, has a for the of Sales Manager in their Brighton office.
Sandra: That sounds like your kind of job. When does it begin?
Terry: Let me see. Er, April 1st, it says here, That's in three weeks' time.
Sandra: You'd better get your in, if you're interested. What else does it say about the job?
Terry: It says that the successful should be suitably and should have had extensive sales management.
Sandra: That sounds perfect. You've got a University degree in Business Management, and you've been working in sales for more than five years.
Terry: I suppose so. It also says that he or she should be able to work as part of a, and should have and the ability to and inspire his or her.
Sandra: Well, that's great! You've always got on with the people you work with, and everyone is always saying how you're able to encourage people to work harder.
Terry: That's true It also says that the include liaising with colleagues around the country, training new staff and presenting a full report to the board of directors twice a year.
Sandra: It all sounds quite good, What's the company offering in return?
Terry: The they're offering looks very attractive. It includes a of E25000 per annum…
Sandra: What does that mean?
Terry: Well, that's the minimum amount of money that you can earn during the year. In addition to that, they're offering 10% on all sales made.
Sandra: Well, that's a good. The more you work, the more you sell. And the more you sell, the more money you'll make!
Terry: Exactiy. There's also a guaranteed annual of E1500, and a of E2500.
Sandra: What's that for?
Terry: To pay me for moving to the area, finding somewhere to live, and so on. Oh, and there are other, such as a company car, free medical and dental insurance and free meals in the canteen. It also says that there is room to, so I might end up with an even better job within the company.
Sandra: So what should you do if you're interested in applying for the job?
Terry: It says I should send my, together with a, to their head office in Sheffield, If the company is interested, they'll contact me to arrange an at one of their offices nearer home.
Вопрос 2 Балл: 16,00
Study Grammar here and do the tasks:
Choose the best option:
1. My friend works in the most company of the world.
2. I'm really with the prospects of working abroad.
3. The job advertisement will usually ask people in the post to send their CV.
4. His job is very
5. The instructions to the test are very
6. The CEO was bored because the task was
7. The situation was and we were depressed
Choose the adjective that suits the best:
1. Helen's boss was with her work.
2. My sons are not in politics.
3. The music was so that George fell asleep in a few minutes.
4. The atmosphere in the company was really
5. I was to hear the news about his proposal.
6. She felt before the interview.
7. You look very. Why don't you go home?
Вопрос 3
Read the text and for questions 1-6 choose the correct option a), b) or c).
Curriculum Vitaes: Tips that can Help
Six out of ten CV's which are prepared by information Technology professionals fail to meet the basic standards and are turned down without even being read fully, according to a recruitment company. As a consequence, thousands of candidates are excluding themselves from attractive job opportunities.
Although the company handles over 60,000 CV's per year, it estimates that at least 60% would not be admitted if they were sent directly to potential clients due to basic errors.
The company Marketing Director said, "Sadly it's often the most highly qualitied candidates whose CV's are so poorly constructed that they are literally dead on arrival. Attractive job opportunities in the IT industry often generate intense competition and there is often little to choose between the candidates".
"Advice on the presentation format of CV's in relation to the requirements that they are being submitted for should be an Industry standard so as to add real value to the candidates that you are representing and indeed to fulfil your professional obligations to your clients".
Writing a CV can be extremely difficult and too often a CV turns out to be a generic overview including a lot of information that is irrelevant. People should remember that an employer typically spends between 15 and 30 seconds scanning each CV and you have that one chance to make an impression",
"A good CV is more than just documentation of your career path; it is a marketing tool designed to present your professional career experience according to the new job specification. It should also include details of past professional successes that effectively demonstrate your ability to undertake the job responsibilities outlined".
1. Recruitment companies say that potential clients …
a. make basic mistakes
b. only get 60% of CV's
c. reject CV's with mistakes
2. The Marketing Director said that the best candidates …
a. are the most affected
b. do not send CV's
c. write the best CV's
3. The Marketing Director suggests that candidates ought to pay attention to …
a. CV's presentation
b. other companies
c. other competitors
4. The Marketing Director says that very often CV's include …
a. necessary details
b. unimportant information
c. very little information
5. Candidates should remember that employers …
a. are typical people
b. are very busy people
c. make an impression on people
6. A good curriculum should show …
a. the new job specifications
b. your marketing tools
t. your overall skills
Вопрос 4
1. Daniel has worked from home longer than Kate.
True
False
2. Kate started working from home after her son was born.
True
False
3. Kate used to be a teacher.
True
False
4. Kate's work writing a geography book was very well-paid.
True
False
5. Daniel started working from home after losing his job.
True
False
6. Daniel doesn't enjoy working from home because it isn't sociable.
True
False
7. Daniel used to play badminton and cards with his colleagues.
True
False
8. Daniel has recently made friends with a new colleague.
True
False
9. Kate didn't use to socialise with colleagues because she was too tired.
True
False
10. Kate spends time with some friends from her art class.
True
False
3. Обучающий тест "Работа в международной компании"
Вопрос 1
Study the Glossary. Complete each part with the words and expressions in the boxes below:
Many employers in international companies use a … when they recruit for a new post. They look at different aspects of the applicant to decide whether or not s/he has the correct … for the job. These include physical … (for example, is the applicant smart and well-presented?), educational qualifications, general … , special … , hobbies and outside … , mental and emotional … and family … .
If a candidate gets through the above stages, s/he will be asked to provide … from people who know him / her, and if these are positive, s/he is then … the post. Before s/he actually starts working, s/he may go through an … to learn more about the company and the post. Sometimes, s/he may be given a … contract and have to complete a … period, where the employers make sure that s/he is suitable for the job before being offered an … or … contract. After s/he has been with the company for a while, there might be a … session, to assess how s/he is getting on in the post.
Вопрос 2
Read about conditional sentences here and do the exercises:
1. Identify the type of the conditional sentence (0 or 1).
1. If I wake up late, I’m late for work.
2. If I speak to John, he gets annoyed.
3. My daughter will pass her exams if she works hard.
4. If you mix water and electricity, you will get a shock.
5. I cycle to work if the weather is fine.
6. If Andy doesn't go to bed early, he won't be able to wake up early.
2. Supply the suitable forms of the verbs in brackets. No contracted (=don't, doesn't, won't) forms!!! only do not, does not, will not, etc.
1. My grandma
(get) so sad if we
(not/call) her on Sunday morning. - Zero Conditional
2. My grandma
(get) so sad if we
(not/call) her on Sunday morning. - First Conditional
3. If the kids
(behave) badly, we
(not/give) them dessert. - Zero Conditional
4. If the kids
(behave) badly, we
(not/give) them dessert. - First Conditional
5. The printer always
(break) if I
(need) to print something quickly. - Zero Conditional
6. If I
(see) him, I
(give) him a lift. - First Conditional
7. She
(be) absolutely furious if she
(hear) about this. - Zero Conditional
8. She
(be) absolutely furious if she
(hear) about this. - First Conditional
9. If you
(be) in love with someone, everything
(be) different. - Zero Conditional
10. If you
(be) in love with someone, everything
(be) different. - First Conditional
Вопрос 3
Read an article about the different cultural expectations of a leader. Are the sentences below true or false?
Gabriela worked for a multinational company as a successful project manager in Brazil and was transferred to manage a team in Sweden. She was excited about her new role but soon realised that managing her new team would be a challenge.
Despite their friendliness, Gabriela didn't feel respected as a leader. Her new staff would question her proposals openly in meetings, and when she gave them instructions on how to carry out a task, they would often go about it in their own way without checking with her. When she announced her decisions on the project, they would continue giving their opinions as if it was still up for discussion.
After weeks of frustration, Gabriela emailed her Swedish manager about the issues she was facing with her team. Her manager simply asked her if she felt her team was still performing, and what she thought would help her better collaborate with her team members. Gabriela found her manager vague and didn't feel as if he was managing the situation satisfactorily.
What Gabriela was experiencing was a cultural clash in expectations. She was used to a more hierarchical framework where the team leader and manager took control and gave specific instructions on how things were to be done. This more directive management style worked well for her and her team in Brazil but did not transfer well to her new team in Sweden, who were more used to a flatter hierarchy where decision making was more democratic. When Gabriela took the issue to her Swedish manager, rather than stepping in with directions about what to do, her manager took on the role of coach and focused on getting her to come up with her own solutions instead.
Dutch social psychologist Geert Hofstede uses the concept of 'power distance' to describe how power is distributed and how hierarchy is perceived in different cultures. In her previous work environment, Gabriela was used to a high power distance culture where power and authority are respected and everyone has their rightful place. In such a culture, leaders make the big decisions and are not often challenged. Her Swedish team, however, were used to working in a low power distance culture where subordinates often work together with their bosses to find solutions and make decisions. Here, leaders act as coaches or mentors who encourage independent thought and expect to be challenged.
When Gabriela became aware of the cultural differences between her and her team, she took the initiative to have an open conversation with them about their feelings about her leadership. Pleased to be asked for their thoughts, Gabriela's team openly expressed that they were not used to being told what to do. They enjoyed having more room for initiative and creative freedom. When she told her team exactly what she needed them to do, they felt that she didn't trust them to do their job well. They realised that Gabriela was taking it personally when they tried to challenge or make changes to her decisions, and were able to explain that it was how they'd always worked.
With a better understanding of the underlying reasons behind each other's behaviour, Gabriela and her team were able to adapt their way of working. Gabriela was then able to make adjustments to her management style so as to better fit the expectations of her team and more effectively motivate her team to achieve their goals.
1. Gabriela's management style worked well with her team in Brazil but not with her team in Sweden.
True
False
2. Gabriela's team questioned her proposals and her decisions because they didn't trust or respect her.
True
False
3. Gabriela was satisfied with her Swedish manager's way of dealing with her problem.
True
False
4. Gabriela found it helpful to talk openly with her team about the differences in their expectations.
True
False
5. Gabriela faced a problem with her Swedish team because her management style was old-fashioned and wrong for the modern world.
True
False
6. The author believes that people from high power distance cultures and low power distance cultures should never work together.
True
False
Вопрос 4
Listen to two people talking about the people in their office. Are the sentences below true or false?
1. Jani is new in the department.
True
False
2. Luciana has short, dark, hair.
True
False
3. The guy on the phone is called Ian.
True
False
4. Maria is responsible for the new orders.
True
False
5. Yuki should write everything down.
True
False
6. Sebastian works in communications.
True
False
4. Обучающий тест "Профессиональные мероприятия"
Вопрос 1
Look at this opening address from a company's Annual General Meeting (AGM) and fill in the gaps with words from the box below. The first letter of each word is already in the text.
I'd like to this meeting by you all. It's good to see so many here today - in fact, this is probably the best we've had at a meeting for a long time - and I'd like to thank you all in advance for me.
Well, we've got a lot on the and I want to make as much as possible in the next two hours or so. If we stick to the main , we should everything and all of our and . I will the meeting, as usual, but I really hope that you will all have something to , and if anything needs , please don't hesitate to me (although not too often, I hope: the more we can today the better).
I'll be several important during the meeting, beginning with those that I feel should take , before the main and making . This will be followed by an session where you can give me your. And I'm sure you will all be delighted to hear that after the meeting , there will be drinks and snacks for everyone.
Вопрос 2
Study about Passive voice here. Do the task:
1. The table ... and the dishes ..., don’t worry. – Стол уберут и посуду помоют, не переживай.
will clean / will wash
will be cleaned / will be washed
will be cleaning / will be washing
2. The roads ... . – Дороги были заблокированы.
were blocked
have been blocked
have to be blocked
3. The building ... an unknown architect. – Здание было спроектировано неизвестным архитектором.
was designed by
was designed
was being designed by
4. Parking ... . – Парковаться запрещено.
will be prohibited
is prohibited
was prohibited
5. Как произносится это слово?
How is this word pronounced?
How are this word pronounced?
How this word is pronounced?
6. Французский язык здесь не преподается.
French doesn't taught here.
French isn't taught here.
French doesn't teach here.
7. Машину зарегистрируют на следующей неделе.
I will register the car next week
I will be registered the car next week.
The car will be registered next week.
8. Мне сказали, что все ушли.
I was told that everybody had gone.
I told that everybody had gone.
I were told that everybody had gone.
9. К середине XIX столетия было обнаружено около 60 различных элементов.
By the middle of the nineteenth century about sixty different elements had been discovered.
By the middle of the nineteenth century about sixty different elements have been discovered.
By the middle of the nineteenth century about sixty different elements were being discovered.
10. The delegates ... at the station. Делегатов встретят на вокзале.
will meet
will be meeted
will be met
Вопрос 3
Make a question:
• Were
• met
• the delegates
• ?
Вопрос 4
Make a question:
• are
• the tests
• written
• always
• in the language lab
• ?
Вопрос 5
Make a question:
• will
• my apology
• be
• accepted
• ?
Вопрос 6
Make a question:
• will
• computers
• be
• replaced
• by
• the workers
• ?
Вопрос 7
Make a question:
• where
• was
• the first undeground railway
• opened
• ?
Вопрос 8
Read the programme for a management conference. Are the sentences below true or false?
Morning programme
9.00–9.30 Conference opening
Dr Jon Martinez
9.30–10.45 Management styles
with Helena Clark
Consider the different management styles and how you can adapt yours to suit your team.
Giving feedback
with Amelia Novak
Explore the different ways to give feedback to maximise development.
Managing change
with Akira Yoshida
Help your employees deal with change and to see the positives change can bring.
10.45–11.15 Coffee break
11.15–12.30 Using storytelling in leadership communication
with Antoine Martin
Sometimes, the best way to communicate with your team is by telling stories. Find out how to do this in this workshop. Leading small businesses
with Cheng Wei
How is leading small businesses different and how can leaders of small businesses bring success to their team?
Leading in uncertain times
with Omar Abboud
Uncertainty can affect the success of your team. Learn to bring confidence to your team in a time of uncertainty.
Afternoon programme
12.30–2.00 Lunch
2.00–3.15 Managing international projects
with Alisa Petrov
Consider how to ensure successful intercultural communication in your international teams.
Developing creative thinking in your team
with Mariana Silva
How can you get your team to think more creatively? Explore the different ideas that can help your team see things in a new way. Conflict management
with Tracy Edwards
Conflict can create problems in your team, but managing conflict well can bring about development. Learn how to manage conflict in this workshop.
3.15–4.15 Group discussions
4.15–5.00 Conference closing
Dr Grace Moloney
1. Helena Clark thinks that we should know our own management style and not change it.
True
False
2. Amelia Novak believes that we should give feedback to help our employees get better at what they do.
True
False
3. Akira Yoshida will focus on the problems with change.
True
False
4. Cheng Wei believes that leading small businesses is different from leading big ones.
True
False
5. Omar Abboud thinks that when your team doesn't feel sure about the things happening around them, it can cause problems.
True
False
6. Tracy Edwards believes that conflict is bad and you should not let it happen in your team.
True
False
Вопрос 9
Listen to Jenny reporting to her boss about a business conference in London. Read her notes about the trip and complete each space with ONE word.
Location:
Weather:
!
Hotel: It was too
during the night.
Conference:
1. Terrible
. Even sending email was difficult.
2.
speaker didn't come! We paid a lot for that.
3. Big confusion with the different
on the earphones.
Plus Points:
Some
people there.
I ate a lot of
5. Обучающий тест "Наука и профессия"
Вопрос 1
Complete this article with appropriate words and expressions from the Glossary. You may need to change the form of some of the words.
“Science and technology have come a long way in the last 60 years, and our lives have become better as a result. Do you agree with this statement?”
The second half of the twentieth century saw more changes than in the previous two hundred years. Penicillin has already been
and used to treat infections; there have been many remarkable advances in medicine that have helped to increase our average
way beyond that of our ancestors. Incredible
(or innovations) such as television have changed the way we spend our leisure hours. Perhaps the most important
, however, has been the microchip. Nobody could have imagined, when it was first
, that within a matter of years, this tiny piece of silicon and circuitry would be found in almost every household object from the kettle to the DVD recorder. And nobody could have predicted the sudden proliferation of computers that would completely change our lives, allowing us to access information from the other side of the world via the Internet or send messages around the world by e-mail at the touch of a button. Meanwhile,
into other aspects of information technology is making it easier and cheaper for us to talk to friends and relations around the world. Good news for
who love modern technology, bad news for the
who would prefer to hide from these modern miracles.
But everything has a price. The development of
led to mass automation in factories, which in turn led to millions losing their jobs. The genius of Einstein led to the horrors of the atomic bomb and the dangerous uncertainties of
(we hear of accidents and mishaps at nuclear power stations around the world, where
to prevent accidents were inadequate). The relatively new science of
has been seen as a major step forward, but putting modified foods onto the market before scientists had properly
them was perhaps one of the most irresponsible decisions of the 1990s. Meanwhile, pharmaceutical and cosmetic companies continue to
on animals, a move that many consider to be cruel and unnecessary.
Of course we all rely on modern science and technology to improve our lives. However, we need to make sure that we
it rather than the other way round.
Вопрос 2
Read about Passive Voice with Modals here. Rewrite the sentences using passive voice. Use contracted forms (e.g. couldn't, mustn't) and by:
The students must do the test. - The test must be done by the students.
! Знаки препинания уже стоят, ставить в е не нужно !
1. She can answer the question..
2. He would bring the file. –.
3. They should open the window. –.
4. We might play chess. –.
5. You ought to wash the dishes. –.
6. I must fill in the questionnaire. –.
7. They don't need to buy milk. –.
8. She could not read the article. –.
9. Will the teacher test our vocabulary? –?
10. Could Nick lock the gate? –?
Вопрос 3
What is the future of artificial intelligence (AI)? Will it be possible for robots to be autonomous? If so, when will that happen and will it be a good thing? We asked four experts what they think. Read the questions and choose the correct expert (A–D).
Robots: friend or foe?
A
I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the computing power or the algorithms for fully autonomous AI, though I do think it will happen within the next thirty or forty years. We will probably remain in control of technology and it will help us solve many of the world’s problems. However, no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans. They may help us, ignore us or destroy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives, but whether that is true will be partly up to us.
B
I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or surpass human intelligence frighten me. Even now, scientists are teaching computers how to learn on their own. At some point in the near future, their intelligence may well take off and develop at an ever-increasing speed. Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we would be quickly superseded. In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest. In the long term, machines might decide the world would be better without humans.
C
Personally, I think it’s fascinating to consider how we’ll speed up our evolution as a species by augmenting our bodies. Imagine if you could implant a computer inside our brain! Soon we’ll be able to do just that and enhance our mathematical ability, audiovisual perception and our memory, and this idea is only going to become more and more commonplace. AI is also popping up in the world around us. Recent developments include self-driving cars and drones carrying life-saving equipment to people at sea. Granted, there have been a few teething problems: one woman who was asleep on the floor had her hair eaten by her robot vacuum cleaner and there have been fatal accidents with self-driving cars. But progress always comes at a cost, and for me the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.
D
I’m a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. Forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls and think of what’s happening right now: military machines like drones, gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human input. The next step will be autonomous ‘murderbots’, following orders but ultimately deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear to me that this would be completely unethical and dangerous for humanity. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.
1. Which expert has a different view from the others regarding the timescale of AI becoming much more autonomous?
Expert A
Expert B
Expert C
Expert D
2. Which expert has a similar view to A about the responsibility humans have for the future of AI?
Expert A
Expert B
Expert C
Expert D
3. Which expert agrees with B that the negative aspects of AI far outweigh the positive aspects?
Expert A
Expert B
Expert C
Expert D
4. Which expert seems to disagree with B about how fast humans can change?
Expert A
Expert B
Expert C
Expert D
5. Which expert gives their opinion about what will happen with the same level of certainty as D?
Expert A
Expert B
Expert C
Expert D
Вопрос 4
Watch a video about Albert Einstein. For questions 1 to 7, decide if the statements are true or false.
1. Albert Einstein invented lasers and satellites.
True
False
2. Albert Einstein was born in Munich in 1879.
True
False
3. After graduating, it was difficult for Einstein to find a job because of a recommendation letter.
True
False
4. Einstein's first job was in an office.
True
False
5. Einstein explained relativity comparing how fast or slow time seemed to pass in different situations.
True
False
6. Einstein's general theory of relativity was proven in 1915.
True
False
7. Einstein was offered to be president of Israel and didn't accept.
True
False
6. Обучающий тест "Компьютерные технологии в профессии"
Вопрос 1
Study the vocabulary here. Match the words in the boxes below to their definitions:
1. computer that sits on top of a table or desk ; 2. small computer which can be carried and held on your knees ; 3. parts ; 4. part of the computer that runs it and controls what it does ; 5. part that stores and controls the flow of information; 6. capacity for storing information ; 7. computer programs ; 8. writing, checking and changing texts; 9. calculating in columns of figures ; 10. producing texts and pictures ; 11. put in ; 12. sliding tray for carrying round, plastic, information-holding things; 13. hole for connecting computer parts to one another; 14. small plastic and metal object which can hold a lot of information; 15. screen that lets you see what your computer is doing ; 16. flat thing with the letters and numbers on it that let you control the computer ; 17. machine that lets you make copies of the documents that you create on your computer ; 18. device for making colour copies of photographs and other documents which you can put onto your computer ; 19. device that you hold in your hand and move across your desk to control the cursor . 20. network that links millions of computers from around the world ; 21. company that allows you access ; 22. program that finds information ; 23. transfer ; 24. special places where you can leave messages and get instant replies .25. special computer pages ; 26. turn the computer on, enter my code and access the computer system; 27. advertisement that suddenly appears on the computer screen; 28. program that helps you find the information you want; 29. most important or main words ; 30. connections ; 31. officially registered website address ; 32. front page ; 33. through the computer; 34. exit this site; 35. add it to the list of favourites. 36. a special electronic letter-sending facility ; 37. special word that allows me to enter the system; 38. unwanted advertising ; 39. remove; 40. document or file that has been sent with it ; 41. hidden routine placed in the program that destroys or corrupts files ; 42. shutting down our system ; 43. something on our computer that protects against this sort of thing; 44. bring it up to date.
Вопрос 2
Read about Second Conditional here and do the task:
1 I'd give you her number if I it.
2 If I won the lottery, I think I my job.
3 Who date if you could date anyone in the world?
4 If everybody in the world 1 dollar, we'd finish the world's problems.
5 If you my wife, I'd make you the happiest woman on earth.
6 If I ___ you, I wouldn't trust him.
a. was
b. were
c. did
7 You ______ healthier if you ______ a bit of weight.
a. felt / would lose
b. would feel / would lose
c. would feel / lost
8 If we sold the house we ______ much right now.
a. didn't get
b. wouldn't get
c. won't get
9 I ______ him if he _______ me to help him.
a. helped / would allow
b. would help / allowed
c. would help / allows
10 What kind of job ______ to have if you ______ a teacher?
a. would you like / weren't
b. would you like / wasn't
c. did you like / wouldn't be
Read about Third Conditional here and do the task:
1 If you had trained more, you so easily.
2 We wouldn't have spent all the money if you on going to that boutique.
3 If you had told me that you were having problems, I you.
4 If I that she was in town, I would have called her.
5 If she had offered a better price for the car, I it.
6 They ______ him if I ______ them the money.
a. would have killed / didn't give
b. would have killed / hadn't given
c .had killed him / wouldn't give
7 I ______ the exam even if ______ I harder.
a. wouldn't pass / studied
b. wouldn't have passed / had studied
c. hadn't passed / would have studied
8 If I ______ you the truth, you _____ me.
a. told / wouldn't have believed
b. would have told / wouldn't have believed
c. had told / wouldn't have believed
9 If I had been feeling well, I ______ the steak.
a. might ordered
b. would have ordered
c. will have ordered
10 If I ______ so hard all my life, I _____ more time with my kids.
a. hadn't worked / would have spent
b. wouldn't have worked / had spent
c. didn't work / would spent
Вопрос 3
Read an article about how people at different ages use computers and smartphones. Are the sentences below true or false?
Today's grandparents are joining their grandchildren on social media, but the different generations' online habits couldn't be more different. In the UK the over-55s are joining Facebook in increasing numbers, meaning that they will soon be the site's second biggest user group, with 3.5 million users aged 55–64 and 2.9 million over-65s.
Sheila, aged 59, says, 'I joined to see what my grandchildren are doing, as my daughter posts videos and photos of them. It's a much better way to see what they're doing than waiting for letters and photos in the post. That's how we did it when I was a child, but I think I'm lucky I get to see so much more of their lives than my grandparents did.'
Ironically, Sheila's grandchildren are less likely to use Facebook themselves. Children under 17 in the UK are leaving the site – only 2.2 million users are under 17 – but they're not going far from their smartphones. Chloe, aged 15, even sleeps with her phone. 'It's my alarm clock so I have to,' she says. 'I look at it before I go to sleep and as soon as I wake up.'
Unlike her grandmother's generation, Chloe's age group is spending so much time on their phones at home that they are missing out on spending time with their friends in real life. Sheila, on the other hand, has made contact with old friends from school she hasn't heard from in forty years. 'We use Facebook to arrange to meet all over the country,' she says. 'It's changed my social life completely.'
Teenagers might have their parents to thank for their smartphone and social media addiction as their parents were the early adopters of the smartphone. Peter, 38 and father of two teenagers, reports that he used to be on his phone or laptop constantly. 'I was always connected and I felt like I was always working,' he says. 'How could I tell my kids to get off their phones if I was always in front of a screen myself?' So, in the evenings and at weekends, he takes his SIM card out of his smartphone and puts it into an old-style mobile phone that can only make calls and send text messages. 'I'm not completely cut off from the world in case of emergencies, but the important thing is I'm setting a better example to my kids and spending more quality time with them.'
Is it only a matter of time until the generation above and below Peter catches up with the new trend for a less digital life?
1. More people aged 55 or more use Facebook than people aged 65 or more.
True
False
2. Grandparents typically use Facebook less than their grandchildren.
True
False
3. Sheila feels grateful to social media.
True
False
4. Peter found his own smartphone use affected how he felt about how much his children used their phones.
True
False
5. Peter has changed how much he uses his phone during the working day.
True
False
6. Peter feels that the changes make him a better parent.
True
False
Вопрос 4
Watch a video about cyberchondria. For questions 1 to 7, choose the correct answer.
a. tries to find what illness they have on the Internet
b. reads a lot about medicine
c. writes online diagnoses to try to help other people
2 Doctor David Hilden thinks people ...
a. look for symptoms on the Internet too often
b. often reach erroneous conclusions about their symptoms
c. are sometimes sicker than they may think
3 Doctor David Hilden ...
a. has been an expert on cyberchondria for a long time
b. has known about cyberchondria only for a short time
c. thinks that cyberchondria is becoming less prevalent
4 He says that cyberchondria causes people ...
a. to ask for medicines they don’t need
b. to panic and visit their doctor too often
c. to be distressed and ask doctors for unnecessary tests
5 He spends a considerable amount of time ...
a. telling patients that they don’t have the illness they think they have
b. making sure patients don’t pay attention to the internet
c. telling patients which websites they can visit
6 According to the doctor, the Internet is beneficial because ...
a. people get an idea of what illness they have
b. people learn about how healthy food, and lifestyle
c. people learn about what symptoms they should be worried about
Complete each sentence with the words and expressions in the boxes:
1. When a company or organisation has a for a job, and it needs to recruit a new member of staff, it usually advertises the
2. A job advertisement has to give an accurate description of the job and what it requires from the (the people who are interested in the post),
3. These requirements might include (academic, vocational and professional), work in similar lines of work, and certain personal qualities (for example, it might say that you need to be practical, professional and have a sense of humour).
4. The advertisement will also specify what (basic salary, commission, regular etc) and benefits (paid leave, free medical insurance, company car, etc) the company can offer in return.
Вопрос 2 Бал: 5,00
Identify who is speaking, Choose the best option:
1. My name's Eddie Jobsworth. Have you got ID? Sorry, can’t let you go any further here without ID. You're going to have to leave, Now, please.
Trainer
Security Guard
Arbitrator
2. I'm Don Prescott, I've been hired by the company's head office to check Mr Saville's figures. We're not sure that everything adds up.
External Auditor
Non-executive Director
Official Mediator
3. Andy Kelly. Hi. I'm just an ordinary worker on the factory floor, but I represent the workers in discussions with the managers about things like wages and conditions of employment.
Trade Union Representative
Foreman
Graduate Trainee
4. Hello, I'm Hillary Hannah, I type letters, file documents, arrange meetings and so on, for the various people in my office.
Girl Friday
Company Secretary
Secretary
5. My name's Liz Hamley, and I suppose I'm the big cheese around here. Basically I'm the most important director in charge of the company.
Company Director
Chief Executive Officer
Managing Director
Вопрос 3
Read this (not very technical) description and replace the underlined expressions with a more appropriate word or expression from the Glossary.
This is my new 1. computer that sits on top of a table or desk (I've also got a 2. small computer which can be carried and held on your knees.) As you can see, there are six main 3. parts to it. The first is the 4. part of the computer that runs it and controls what it does (=central processing unit), and this is the most important bit, It carries the 5, part that stores and controls the flow of information including the hard disk. Mine has a particularly high 6. capacity for storing information which means that it's much faster than most. It came with its own 7. computer programs package (including one for 8. writing, checking and changing texts, one for 9. calculating in columns of figures and one for 10 producing texts and pictures (desktop publishing) for magazines). You can also 11. put in other programs using the 12. sliding tray for carrying round, plastic information-holding things drive, or the 13. hole for connecting computer parts to one another (into which you can put a 14. small plastic and metal object which can hold a lot of information).
The other five parts of the computer are the 15. screen that lets you see what your computer is doing. the 16. flat thing with the letters and numbers on it that let you control the computer, the 17 machine that lets you make copies of the documents that you create on your computer the 18. device for making colour copies of photographs and other documents which you can put onto your computer and last but not least, the 19. device that you hold in your hand and move across your desk to control the cursor.
In my opinion, the best thing about modern information technology is the 20. network that links millions of computers from around the world Once you've got yourself a 21. company that allows you access and a 22. program that finds information
you can start using this, It's especially useful if you want to get information about something, go shopping or 23. transfer information, games, music, etc, onto your own computer. You can even 'talk to other computer users in 24. special places where
you can leave messages and get instant replies. If you have a particular interest in something, you can also visit newsgroups where you can 'talk' to other people with the same interest.
Most companies have their own 25. special computer pages which you can look at. Let me 26. tur the computer on, enter my code and access the computer system, and I'll show you ours. OK, here we go. Oh no, another 27 advertisement that suddenly appears on the computer screen. How annoying. Let me just remove it That's better.
Now, I can never remember the exact address of our company, so first of all I'll type it into the 28. program that helps you find the information you want. OK, A and C Black Publishing The computer identifies the 29, most important or main words and then gives me 30. connections to a list of possible sites. This one looks right: ' www.acblack.com ', That's the company's 31, officially registered website address (name): I'll click on that.
Bingo! Here's our 32 front page You can use this to find the different books that we publish, and if you want you can even buy them 33. through the computer. Hmm, this book looks good: 'Check your English Vocabulary for Business and Administration'. Now, before 34, exit this site I'll just 35. add it to my list of favourites so that I can find it more quickly next time.
Perhaps the most important thing, however, is 36. a special electronic letter-sending facility, which allows you to communicate with people around the world in an instant. Let me quickly check mine. First of all, I need to enter my 37. special word that allows me to enter the system. That's it. Oh dear, nothing very interesting. Mainly a load of 38. unwanted advertising I'll just 39 remove it I don't particularly want to have a new home extension, pass my bank details to a "solicitor" in Nigeria or buy a pill that's guaranteed to improve my love life.
There's something here from one of our suppliers with a / an 40 document or file that has been sent with it. You have to be careful with these: sometimes they contain a 41. hidden routine placed in the program that destroys or corrupts files. If you open it, it can do all sorts of horrible things to your computer. We had one last week that kept 42 shutting down our system. We do have 43. something on our computer that protects this sort of thing , but it's a bit out of date, we really ought to 44. bring it up to date.
Вопрос 4 Бал: 15,00
Complete definitions 1 - 15 with words and expressions from the boxes below.
1. is the practice or science of changing the genes of a living thing, especially in order to make it more suitable for a particular purpose.
2. is a rule, law, or plan that protects people or something from harm or problems
3. is the study of living things.
4. is someone who does not like, trust, or want to use technology, especially computers.
5. is a discovery or achievement that comes after a lot of hard work.
6. is the study or use of computers and electronic systems for storing and using information.
7. If something is____ it is changed slightly in order to improve it.
8. is a scientist who studies or works in genetics.
9. is the use of technology to make copies of natural things (for example, artificial body parts).
10. is a scientist or other technical expert with a high position in industry or government.
11. … is the detailed study of something in order to discover new facts.
12 is the science that studies the effects of low temperatures, especially the use of low temperatures for preserving the bodies of dead people.
13. An____ is a scientific test to find out what happens to someone or something in particular conditions.
14 is the length of time that someone is likely to live.
15 is the invention or use of new ideas, methods, equipment, etc.
Вопрос 5 Бал: 9,00
Complete the sentences with work / to work / working :
1. I spent all weekend on the computer.
2. I have decided online next week.
3. You must harder, if you want to be promoted.
4. My boss often makes me late.
5. He isn't very good at in a team.
6. I don't mind on Saturdays.
7. He has gone to the UK in his uncle's shop.
8. with members of your family can be quite difficult.
9. My husband promised not on my birthday.
Вопрос 6 Бал: 10,00
Translate the highlighted words from Russian into English:
1. I became more when he mentioned her name. Я стaл более заинтересован, когда он упомянул ее имя.
2. The film was less than I thought. - Фильм был менее увлекательным, чем я думал.
3. These were the most words I've ever heard, Это были самые вдохновляющие (=обнадёживающие) слова, которые когда либо слышал.
4. He was the least person in the room. - Он был наименее раздраженным человеком в комнатe.
5. This book is very - Эта книга очень интересная
6. She finds her job Она считает свою работу изнурительной (утомительной)
7. It was an experience for her. - Это был увлекательный опыт для неe.
8. I'm in landscape design. - Я интересуюсь ландшафтным дизайном.
9. At the end of the day she is often - Часто в конце рабочего дня она утомлена.
10. She is about going to Portugal- Она в восторгe (=взволнована) от поездки в Португалию
Вопрос 7 Балл: 24,00
Open the brackets. No contracted forms = don't isn't.!!!! Zero Conditionals
Complete the zero conditional sentences.
If you (not/like) the meat, you (not/have) to eat it.
If you (heat) water, it (boil)
My dog (get) hyperactive if (not/walk) her twice a day.
First Conditionals
Complete the first conditional sentences.
If it (rain), we (not/go) for a walk.
If he (not/know) the way, I (pick) him up.
I (bake) a cake if your friend (come) to see us.
Second Conditionals
Complete the second conditional sentences.
If you (study) harder, you (get) better marks in your tests.
if (be) rich, I (travel) around the world.
She (come) to the cinema with us if she (not/have) to work.
Third Conditionals
Complete the third conditional sentences.
If you (help) us, we (finish) the work in half the time.
I (call) you earlier if I (not/lose) your phone number.
They (not/drive to the theatre if they (know) about the snow.
Вопрос 8 Балл: 5,00
Change these sentences from active to passive. 'By' is necessary in all sentences except the first one.
1. People speak Portuguese in Brazil.
2. My grandfather built this house in 1943.
3. The traffic might have delayed Jimmy. -
4. Might James cook dinner?
5. Picasso wasn't painting Guernica at that time.
Вопрос 9 Балл: 10,00
You are going to read an article about what NOT TO DO when starting a new job. The title of each of the paragraphs has been removed from the article. Choose from the titles (a-k) the one which best fits each gap (1-10). Use each letter only ONCE. There is ONE extra title you DO NOT need to use.
10 things you should never do when starting a new job
Congratulations! You've finally secured a new job, and now you want to start off on the right foot. You want to be careful not to make any career ending mistakes So, what should you NEVER do when starting a new job?
You learned this in first grade, when the teacher began keeping track of tardies: Being on time matters. Factor in extra time if there's traffic. construction, or other reasons to expect a delay,
Before starting your job, talk with the hiring manager or human resources professional to make sure you understand what constitutes acceptable outfit for your new workplace. There's nothing more embarrassing than showing up wearing something that doesn't fly with your supervisors.
Many companies require new employees to go through a training process before starting a new position While it may be tempting to skip these sessions or treat them lightly, don't do it, Even if your training managers won't be your direct supervisors, they are watching you.
No matter where you’re working, there are certain processes, tools, and forms that make up the standard operating procedures of your company You may have been introduced to these through a very organized, systematic orientation, or you may feel like you’re expected to absorb them by osmosis, if you were formally informed, consider yourself fortunate, if not, don t feel shortchanged or frustrated, Instead, take initiative and master the basics on your own.
It's understandable that you may need help or guidance during your first few weeks at a new job, and asking co workers for assistance or just to answer questions can be perfectly acceptable. But remember, you were hired because managers believed in your ability to get the job done. Ask for help if you need it, but believe in yourself and prove that you can do the work yourself.
Your employer isn't paying you to chat with your girlfriend or even your kids' babysitter. Make a personal policy of limiting personal phone calls and texts to your lunch break, except for emergencies.
Most likely, you and your employer agreed to a certain salary during the hiring process. So don't change your mind before you even show up at work. Don't expect more money until you've worked long enough to prove your value to the employer.
Of course you want to make a good impression as soon as you arrive at a new job, and show your new employer they made the right choice in hiring you, However, be cautious of suggesting new policies or strategies during your first few weeks, as it may not be the best way to demonstrate you are a team player. At first, take time to really understand and learn your job, then over time, you can make suggestions and changes as situations arise, and as your input and expertise is called upon.
In a new job, there will always be a learning curve, and effective supervisors understand that. Inevitably, you’ll be asked to do something or expected to know something that you don’t yet know or know how to do. Rather than saying you can complete the task on your own, tell the truth and “don’t be afraid to say, ‘I don’t know,’
You may be so eager to start your new job that you don’t want to stop and ask questions. But by skipping even the most basic questions, you are setting yourself up for failure.
1. Susan got her first job as a voice actress…
a. through a friend.
b. after an audition.
by accident.
2. After that first job as a voice actress…
a, she has perfected her accent.
b. she has always worked as a voice actress.
c. she has worked as a voice coach.
3. Tillie the All-Time Teller was…
a. a character in a cartoon…
b. the voice that Susan recorded for a bank.
c. a popular children's song…
4. Susan found out that she was Siri…
a. when a friend called her.
b. through a colleague.
c, through a friend's iPhone.
5. How did Susan feel when she learned that she was Siri?
a. She had some doubts.
b. She was incredibly excited.
c. She was angry,
6. For Susan, …
a. it's cool to be on people's phones.
b. being Siri has damaged her professional career.
These statements come from the readings "The World of World Music" and "J-Ball". Read each statement and then answer the questions that follow. A generic name is a …
Выберите один ответ:
name that is hard to forget
general name
new name
Вопрос 5
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The word warped means …
Выберите один ответ:
informed and precise
cold and unemotional
distorted and inaccurate
Вопрос 6
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Match the numbers to the letters.
on the other hand · с другой стороны, зато
global integration · всемирное объединение
stumbling block · камень преткновения
precise definition · точное определение
retraining program · программа переподготовки
borderless world · мир, не имеющий границ
prosperity · процветание
disrupt · разрывать,разрушать
oppose · быть против, возражать
keep in mind · иметь в виду
Вопрос 7
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Another term for meltdowns is …
Выберите один ответ:
triumphs
failures
reorganizations
Вопрос 8
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What kind of car is a high-end car?
Выберите один ответ:
one with large rear wheels
an expensive, luxury model
a fast, sporty car
Вопрос 9
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If the use of something is mushrooming, it
Выберите один ответ:
has roots in the past
has become stable
is growing rapidly
Вопрос 10
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A hostile world is…
Выберите один ответ:
respectful
curious
unfriendly
Вопрос 11
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When someone is chastised, he or she is…
Выберите один ответ:
made famous
criticized
forgiven
Вопрос 12
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Haunting music is …
Выберите один ответ:
frightening
complicated
unforgettable
Вопрос 13
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A word with the same meaning as fusing is…
Выберите один ответ:
eliminating
joining
changing
Вопрос 14
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Lax laws are …
Выберите один ответ:
strict
recent
weak
Вопрос 15
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If one country edged out another country, it …
Выберите один ответ:
replaced the other country at the top of the list
was ranked almost as high as the other country
had good relations with the other country
Вопрос 16
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Another word for upkeep is…
Выберите один ответ:
maintenance
power
launching
Вопрос 17
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A rival league is …
Выберите один ответ:
a successful one
a competing one
an older one
Вопрос 18
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Match the numbers to the letters.
amateur player· любитель, непрофессионал
impact on· повлиять на что-л.
near retirement· близко к пенсии
martial art· боевое искусство
catch on· завоевать популярность; привиться
diplomatic feat · дипломатическое искусство
lured by lucrative contract · завлеченный прибыльным контрактом
mend relations between · улучшать взаимоотношения между
borrow from · заимствовать, перенимать
competitive against · соперничающий против
Вопрос 19
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Match the numbers to the letters.
go bankrupt · обанкротиться
according to в соответствии с; согласно
decide on · принимать решение
continued appearance · непрерывное появление
global market · мировой рынок
full-time crew · рабочий экипаж
designed by · сконструированный кем-либо
anticipated lifetime · ожидаемый срок службы
famed entrepreneur · известный предприниматель
company lawyer · юрисконсульт компании
Вопрос 20
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Monitoring means …
Выберите один ответ:
observing
reducing
preventing
Вопрос 21
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When technology is state-of-the-art, it is …
Выберите один ответ:
up-to-date
hard to handle
out of order
Вопрос 22
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If a person writes tersely, he or she writes …
Выберите один ответ:
briefly
with grammatical and spelling mistakes
in an educated style
Вопрос 23
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These statements come from the readings "Vanishing Languages" and "Internet Milestones". Read each statement and then answer the questions that follow. A visionary scientist is one who…
Выберите один ответ:
has had many successes
studies human eyesight
foresees the future
Вопрос 24
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A skit is a…
Выберите один ответ:
group of comedic actors
short, funny act
related group of songs
Вопрос 25
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A lucrative contract is a …
Выберите один ответ:
profitable one
long-term one
complicated one
Вопрос 26
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The Giants won nine consecutive series. This means that …
Выберите один ответ:
the Giants won nine series in a row
all of the series were very exciting
the Giants won all of the series quite easily
Вопрос 27
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The stations would contain residential, industrial, and agricultural zones. This statement tells us that the stations would have areas used for...
Выберите один ответ:
recreation, education, and energy production
housing, manufacturing, and farming
communication, navigation, and control
Вопрос 28
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Curtailed means …
Выберите один ответ:
encouraged
investigated
limited
Вопрос 29
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Another way to say resurrected is…
Выберите один ответ:
well documented
brought back to life
completely forgotten
Вопрос 30
To keep track of a project is to…
Выберите один ответ:
begin it
monitor it
simplify it
Вопрос 31
If a name is catchy, it is…
Выберите один ответ:
easy to remember
highly unusual
humorous
Вопрос 32
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Match the numbers to the letters.
diversity · многообразие
extraterrestrial · внеземной
boost · поддержка; рекламирование
chant · песнопение; хорал
dedicate · посвящать
empress· императрица
blend · смешивать
cosmopolitan · многонациональный
establish · учреждать
folk · народный
Вопрос 33
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The phrase on the heels of is another way to say …
Выберите один ответ:
in spite of
because of
just after
Вопрос 34
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A best-case scenario is…
Выберите один ответ:
the most likely outcome
the most optimistic prediction
a prediction that everything will turn out well
Вопрос 35
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The word prosperity means …
Выберите один ответ:
excellence and good training
wealth and good economic conditions
power and prestige
Вопрос 36
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Diverse is close in meaning to the word …
Выберите один ответ:
varied
pleasing
exotic
Вопрос 37
The severity of an impact refers to its …
Выберите один ответ:
location
seriousness
cause
Вопрос 38
If an airbag deploys too vigorously, it opens …
Выберите один ответ:
unnecessarily
with too much force
too slowly
Вопрос 39
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The word cosmopolitan has about the same meaning as …
Выберите один ответ:
fascinating
international
well known
Вопрос 40
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These statements come from the reading "Oases in Space" and "The Name Game". Read each statement and then answer the questions that follow. If something happens harmlessly, it happens…
Выберите один ответ:
without causing any damage
in a spectacular way
very rapidly
Вопрос 1
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A synonym of mend is …
Выберите один ответ:
repair
define
establish
Вопрос 2
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Unambiguous is closest in meaning to...
Выберите один ответ:
clear
entire
permanent
Вопрос 3
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A keystone is…
Выберите один ответ:
a record
a critical part
an ancestor
Вопрос 4
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Something has taken root when it …
Выберите один ответ:
first appears
has become less popular
has become established
Вопрос 5
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A proverb is…
Выберите один ответ:
a wise person
an old saying
a song
Вопрос 6
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If something is defunct, it is …
Выберите один ответ:
no longer in existence
not as important as it used to be
ompletely forgotten
Вопрос 7
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If something is annoying, it is…
Выберите один ответ:
repetitive
mative
irritating
Вопрос 8
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If something is fictional, it…
Выберите один ответ:
is described in detail
is strange and wonderful
doesn't really exist
Вопрос 9
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A synonym for urgent is…
Выберите один ответ:
simple
critical
possible
Вопрос 10
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A blueprint is a…
Выберите один ответ:
carefully designed plan
design for a house
name
Вопрос 11
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A word that could be used in place of evenly without changing the meaning of the statement is …
Выберите один ответ:
essentially
uniformly
smoothly
Вопрос 12
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A word with the same meaning as stumbling blocks is …
Выберите один ответ:
competitors
obstacles
steps
Вопрос 13
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The name Dainty is the name of a type of soap, but the word dainty really means...
Выберите один ответ:
sweet smelling
fragile, gentle
superior to all others
Вопрос 14
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These statements come from the readings "Smart Cars, Intelligent Highways" and "Globalization and Antiglobalization". Read each statement and then answer the questions that follow. The increasing integration of economies means that economies are …
Выберите один ответ:
growing rapidly in size and strength
becoming more unified and dependent on one another
becoming more complicated and less controllable
Вопрос 15
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If a problem such as traffic jams is chronic, it …
Выберите один ответ:
can never be fixed
is serious for a short time
occurs again and again
Вопрос 16
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Match the numbers to the letters.
chorus · хор, певческий коллектив
junkmail· спам, почтовый мусор
blueprint· план
astonishing· изумительный
filter out· не обращать внимания
evolve· эволюционировать
come true· осуществляться
hook up· подключать(свет, газ)
instantaneously· мгновенно
chastise· подвергать наказанию
Вопрос 17
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The word aloof is often used to describe a person. A person who is aloof is ...
Выберите один ответ:
not very smart
distant and unfriendly
silly, funny
Вопрос 18
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A synonym for astonishing is…
Выберите один ответ:
estimated
approximate
amazing
Вопрос 19
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Have you _____ been on a winter sports holiday?
Выберите один ответ:
always
soon
ever
Вопрос 20
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If artists have gotten a boost from Western musicians, they have …
Упр. 2. Прочитайте и переведите следующие словосочетания:
important sector of the economy
discovery of oil and gas deposits
significant increase of oil extraction
tremendous opportunities for firms
tools of international power
elements of national security
system-forming industry
new economic relations
deep structural transformation
position of a strategic operator
...
Огромное спасибо вашей работе, выручаете не первый раз. Всегда эти задачи давались почему то с трудом. Но как нашел ваш сайт, то все поменялось, нет никаких проблем, все решены просто отлично и цена устраивает, а скорость получения задач просто на высоте. благодарю! Однозначно буду заказазывать и другие работы
Никита Т ( 24, ПАКНУБиП )25-10-2021
Решил как то воспользоваться услугами, а точнее заказать работу на данном сайте. Написал, что мне нужно, ответили быстро, договорились про оплату и через пятнадцать минут все было у меня. Работа подготовлена просто отлично, никаких претензий даже у преподавателя, буду и дальше к вам обращаться, и другим советую
Дмитрий П ( 24, АлтГУ )25-09-2021
Посоветовали на днях заказать задачу на сайте. Сказать, что сильно доволен - нет.У меня возникли проблемы со скачиванием задания. Вроде бы начинаю скачивать файл и тут начались мучения, я так и не понял почему так долго все происходило, но все же получилось. Надеюсь в следующий раз все займет намного меньше времени. Буду пробовать, а так спасибо за помощь.
Данил М ( 24, НГПУ )02-08-2021
Учусь три года на зоочном. Раньше как то сам со всеми заданиями, работами справлялся, а как нашел работу с плотным графиком, то времени стало мало. Сестра посоветовала заказывать все в интернете, говорит так проще и лучше. Решил попробовать, остался очень доволен. Все легко и быстро, в институте не было никаких проблем. Уже заказал очень много и буду дальше пользоваться вашими услугами.
алексей г ( 24, ГТГМСХ )24-08-2021
Никогда не пользовался услугами интернета на счёт каких либо заданий по учебе. Думал, что все это развод чистой воды, не решался долгое время. Но все же решил попробовать так как сам не успевал все сделать. Был весьма удивлен, что весь материал очень хорошо подобран и сформулирован. Все сдал, даже не подумал бы, что все так просто и быстро, спасибо создателем за такой контент.
Павел К ( 21, МГПУ )12-09-2021
Не мог найти нормального материала для своей работы Весь материал, который находил самому себе не нравился. И тут решил заказать готовую работу, долго не искал сайт, первый открыл. И как выяснилось попал куда нужно. Объяснил в чем моя суть, что мне нужно, предложили все сразу. Оплатил и через короткое время все уже было у меня, даже не ожидал, что так круто получится, теперь частенько буду к вам обращаться
Светлана А ( 24, НГУ )11-10-2021
Пользуюсь данным ресурсом более двух лет. Нет никаких проблем, никаких нареканий со стороны преподавателей. Последний раз заказывал задачи по математике, все как обычно прошло. Все очень быстро, качественно, удобно, а главное доступно. Много знакомых тоже уже пользуются и заказывают различные работы. Хорошо, что есть такие сайты решение проблем
Евгения Х ( 24, ДИТБ )09-07-2021
Заказал как то очень много готовых заданий на сайте, так как из за работы просто некогда ими заниматься. Вроде все шло как и планировалось. Всё объяснил, какие темы, договорились про оплату, все как обычно. Но тут, что то пошло не так и мне пришлось ждать пол дня, думал уже больше никогда не обращусь. На удивление все разрешилось хорошо, все как всегда четко, спасибо вам за помощь.
Наиль Б ( 21, )11-07-2021
Много раз слышал про сайт, где можно быстро и без труда заказать любую работу. Всегда думал, что из этого мало толку будет. Но как то раз не успевал и решил все же попробовать на свой страх и риск. Я был очень удивлен подачей материала, а особенно его скорость получения. Все было так хорошо сделано, что я сразу начал жалеть о том, что раньше пользовался данной услугой, все просто огонь, рекомендую
Александр П ( 24, МГИМТ )23-10-2021
Всегда был интерес как моя старшая сестра так легко со всеми задачами справляется. удивлялся, что она их делает очень быстро и тут она мне рассказала свой секрет. Попробовал и я, был очень доволен, все быстро, не дорого, преподаватели аж хвалили. Немного цена была выше заявленной, но зато работа идеальна. Теперь всегда буду к вам обращаться
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