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ВАРИАНТ 1 1. Read and title the text Although Britain is a densely populated, industrialized country, agriculture is one of Britain’s most important
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2. Say if the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements. 2. Скажите, являются ли следующие утверждения истинными или ложными. Исправьте ложные заявления.
1. Agriculture is a highly developed branch of the British economy. True.
2. Britain is under the necessity to import milk, eggs, potatoes, barley and oats. True.
3. The climate of the British Isles is not suitable for cattle raising. False. The climate of the British Isles is ideal for cattle raising.
4. Dairy cattle raising is developed in upland regions far from urban areas. True.
5. Modern British farming is characterized by high output of crops per hectare and quality of the livestock. True.
ВАРИАНТ 1
1. Read and title the text
Although Britain is a densely populated, industrialized country, agriculture is one of Britain’s most important industries. It produces nearly two-thirds of Britain's food requirements. British agriculture is famous for its high level of efficiency and productivity as it is based on modern technology and research.
Over three-quarters of the land area is used for agriculture. Soils vary from the poor ones in the Highlands to the rich fertile soils in the eastern and south-eastern parts of England. The climate and rainfall usually allow a long productive growing season. However, weather conditions can sometimes create problems for farmers, especially when a drought situation occurs, or when there is too much rain and too little sunshine at ripening time.
Britain today is self-sufficient in milk, eggs, potatoes, barley and oats. However, it needs to import butter, cheese, sugar and some other agricultural products.
British farms vary considerably in size from one-person farms to huge business concerns. There are three main types of farming in Great Britain: pastoral, arable and mixed.
Arable crops grown in Britain include cereals (wheat, oats), potatoes, sugar beet and fodder crops (turnip, swede, kale). There are 12 mln hectares of cultivated land under crops (37%) and grass (40%). Britain is now the world’s sixth largest exporter of cereals. Increased production has been achieved by the introduction of short-stemmed varieties giving higher yields, an increased growing area and autumn-sown crops.
The most important root crops cultivated in Britain are potatoes and sugar beet. Potatoes are cultivated throughout the British Isles and grown for sale, for fodder and for seed. High-grade seed potatoes are grown in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Sugar beet is a root crop which in recent years has assumed considerable importance. Today it provides about 50 percent of sugar requirements of the country. The best place for growing sugar beet is eastern England and here for convenience (because it is a bulky crop to transport) most of the sugar-making factories are situated.
Market gardening may be defined as the intensive production of vegetables and fruit for human consumption. Market gardening is strongly influenced by access to markets, because both fruit and vegetables deteriorate rapidly after packing and must, therefore, be moved to market as quickly as possible. As a result, market gardens have been growing up near large industrial cities. Glasshouses are widely used for growing tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce, flowers, pot plants and nursery stock.
The climate of the British Isles is ideal for cattle raising. Therefore, they are found practically in all areas. There are two kinds of cattle: dairy cattle and beef cattle. The need for daily deliveries of fresh milk has given rise to particular concentration of dairy cattle on lowlands close to densely populated areas. Beef cattle are more widely distributed throughout the British Isles than dairy cattle, and their raising extends into upland regions far from urban areas.
Sheep no longer play such an important part in British agriculture as they did in the past, when there was a steady export of wool to the continent of Europe. Nowadays they are generally widespread only on land that is unsuitable for other types of farming.
Most farmers keep pigs and poultry. Pig production occurs almost in all areas but is of major importance for northern and eastern England. Poultry farms are mainly concerned with the supply of eggs to local markets and the production of poultry meat. Britain remains self-sufficient in both.
Lying on the continental shelf, the British Isles are surrounded by waters mainly less than 90 m deep, which serve as excellent fishing grounds and breeding grounds for fish. Small fishing villages are found all along the coast. Fish farms in the UK produce many thousands of tonnes of fish every year, most of which is used for human consumption. They are located in lochs and on the coast, largely in Scotland, and inland, often in man made ponds in England. The main species farmed are brown and rainbow trout, salmon, carp and to a lesser extent eels, crayfish and oysters. Shellfish is also expanding area of activity.
Modern British farming displays two important characteristics. At first it is intensive farming, in other words, no effort is spared to achieve maximum production from the available land. The output of crops per hectare and the quality of the livestock are very high. Secondly it is mixed farming, where both crops and livestock play an important part.
Хотя Британия густонаселенная промышленно развитая страна, но сельское хозяйство является одной из важнейших отраслей экономики Великобритании. Здесь производят почти две трети потребностей Великобритании в продуктах питания. Для сельское хозяйство Британии характерен высокий уровень эффективности и производительности, поскольку оно основано на современных технологиях и исследованиях.
Более трех четвертей земельной площади используется для сельского хозяйства. В горах почта не такая плодородная, как в восточной и юго-восточной частях Англии. Климат и количество осадков обычно содействуют длительному продуктивному вегетационному периоду. Однако погодные условия могут иногда создавать проблемы для фермеров, особенно когда возникает засуха или когда в период созревания плодов слишком много дождя и слишком мало солнечного света.
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