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Test Read the text NEW DEVELOPMENT COULD LEAD TO MORE EFFECTIVE LIGHT BULBS US researchers say they have developed a technique that can significantly
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Test
Read the text
NEW DEVELOPMENT COULD LEAD TO MORE EFFECTIVE LIGHT BULBS
US researchers say they have developed a technique that can significantly improve the efficiency of the traditional incandescent light bulb.
These older bulbs have been phased out in many countries because they waste huge amounts of energy as heat. But scientists at MIT* have found a way of recycling the waste energy and focusing it back on the filament where it is re-emitted as visible light. The development has been reported in the journal Nature Nanotechnology.
Little has changed in the technology of the incandescent light bulb since they were commercially developed by Thomas Edison in the US in the 1880s. They create light by using electricity to heat a thin tungsten wire filament to temperatures of around 2,700 o C. This causes the
filament to glow and produce a broad-spectrum warm white light. However light bulbs of this type are hugely inefficient - they only convert around 2-3% of the energy they use into light - the rest is wasted as heat.
The bulbs were banned in the European Union, Canada and their manufacture and importation has been phased out in the US. They've been replaced by more expensive compact fluorescent (CFL) and LED bulbs which are significantly more efficient at around 13%.
Now researchers at MIT believe they have developed a technique that could turn the weakness of the traditional incandescent bulb into strength. Using nanotechnology, they've built a structure that surrounds the filament of the bulb and captures the leaking infrared radiation, reflecting it back to the filament where it is re-absorbed and then re-emitted as visible light.
The scientists point out that improving light bulbs is but one of the options that could spring from this development. The authors say it could have "dramatic implications" for the performance of other energy conversion technologies.
"We have this huge challenge that the world is facing right now, global warming and energy efficiency and this gives you one more tool in the toolbox to meet that huge challenge," said Prof Soljacic.
*MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
By Matt McGrath,
Environment correspondent, BBC
Read more: http://www.bbC).com/news/science-environment-35284112
2. Mark these statements (1-5) true (T) or false (F).
1.US researchers developed an innovative light bulb which efficiency was just barely improved. True.
2. The manufacture of the traditional light bulbs was diminished in Great Britain, German, Italy and Canada. False.
3. The research of MIT has been reported in the academic journal. True.
4. The MIT leading developer of a technique that can significantly improve the light bulb efficiency is Thomas Edison. False.
5. A new technique changes nothing for the performance of energy conversion technologies. False.
3. Choose the best answer – A, B or C – for each of these sentences (1-5).
6. Fluorescent (CFL) and LED bulbs are … … …
A). low-prised and more powerful. B). high-prised and more powerful. C). low-prised and less powerful.
7. Since the 1880s the technology of light bulbs … … …
A). has not changed. B). has changed slightly. C). has changed completely.
8. … … … filament heat to a high temperatures.
A). A fragile tungsten wire B). A thick tungsten wire C). A thin aluminium wire
9. A traditional light bulbs can convert … … …
A). 23% into waste energy B). the biggest part of the energy into light. C). the unessential part of the energy into light
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