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Контрольная работа для обучающихся по специальности 26.03.02 Кораблестроение, профиль Судовые энергетические установки A. Translate th
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Контрольная работа для студентов,
обучающихся по специальности 26.03.02 Кораблестроение,
профиль Судовые энергетические установки
A. Translate the texts.
Text 1. Ship Design and Construction
Ships are large, complex vehicles which must be self-sustaining in their environment for long periods with a high degree of reliability. A ship is the product of three main areas of skill, those of the naval architect, the navigating officer (deck officer) and the marine engineer (engineering officer).
The naval architect is concerned with the hull, its construction, form, habitability and ability to endure its environment. The navigating officer is responsible for safe navigation of the ship, and its cargo operations. The marine engineer is responsible for the various systems which propel and operate the ship. More specifically, this means the machinery required for propulsion, steering, anchoring and ship securing, cargo handling, air conditioning, power generation and its distribution.
There are two main parts of a ship: the hull and the machinery. The hull is the actual shell of the ship including her superstructure. The machinery includes not only the main engines required to drive her but also the auxiliary machinery (boilers, generators, etc.) used for manoeuvring purposes, steering, mooring, cargo handling and for various other services, e.g. the electrical installations, winches and refrigerating plant. The rear portion of the ship is called the after end or stern. When moving stern first, the vessel is said to be moving astern. The front portion of the ship is called the fore end, whilst the extreme forward end is called the bow. When moving bow first, the vessel is said to be moving ahead. Fore and aft are generally used for directional purposes. The area between the forward and aft portions of the vessel is called amidships. The maximum breadth of the vessel, which is found in the amidships body, is known as the beam.
Many modern cargo and passenger liners have a transverse propulsion unit or bow thruster in the bows. Its purpose is to give greater manoeuvrability in confined waters, e.g. ports, and so reduce or eliminate the need for tugs. The rudder, which enables the vessel to maintain her course, is situated right aft. The bulbous bow can improve passenger and crew comfort, as it can reduce pitching in heavy seas and has been provided in tankers, bulk carriers, and modern cargo liners to increase speed when in ballast.
The modern tendency is to have large unobstructed holds with mechanically operated hatch covers, both for the speedy handling of cargo, and to reduce turn-round time to a minimum. A ship’s actual design and number of decks depend on the trade in which the ship will play. A tramp, carrying shipments of coal or ore, will be a single deck vessel with large unobstructed hatches to facilitate loading and discharge. A cargo liner carrying a variety of cargo in relatively small consignments would have 'tween decks to facilitate stowage. If such a vessel also conveyed wood and other commodities of high stowage factor, a shelter deck would be provided. Additionally, container ships are equipped with specially designed holds with cells or slots to facilitate speedy container handling using shore-based lifting gear.
Текст 1. Проектирование и строительство судов
Корабли — это огромные, сложные транспортные средства, которые должны быть самоподдерживающимися в своей среде в течение долгого времени с высокой степенью надежности. Корабль - это продукт деятельности трех основных областей мастерства: корабельного инженера, штурмана (офицера палубы) и морского инженера (инженера).
Корабельный инженер занимается
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