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Вариант 1 Chemical and petroleum machine-building Перевести Переведите на русский язык 3-й и 4-й абзацы текста. 1. Chemical and p
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- 2021 год
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Вариант 1
Chemical and petroleum machine-building
Перевести
Переведите на русский язык 3-й и 4-й абзацы текста.
1. Chemical and petroleum machine-building is a branch of machine-building that manufactures production equipment and integrated production lines and installations for chemical, petrochemical, petroleum, and gas industries. It arose at the end of the 19th century and developed rapidly in the 1960-s and 1970-s in many countries in connection with the accelerated development of chemical industry and of petroleum and gas production. The rapid development of these sectors was the result of a high level of capital investment, large-scale re-equipping and improvement in the structuring of production assets.
2. Qualitative changes in chemistry and petro-chemistry have led to the use of new forms of raw materials—namely, petroleum, petroleum products, by-product gas, and natural gas—in the manufacture of organic and some inorganic products. This has resulted in a significant increase in the unit capacities of production equipment and installations. The demand for large-scale machines and equipment has also grown, which has led to the expansion of the production of large-scale chemical and petroleum equipment.
3. The production of chemical and petroleum equipment in Russia began at the turn of the 20th century for sugar industry and for petroleum production. Chemical and petroleum machine-building in the USSR has undergone significant development. But until the mid-1960-s, it was distributed among various branches of machine-building. In 1965, chemical and petroleum machine-building was made a separate industry, responsible for the development, manufacture, and supply of equipment for chemical industry, as well as for ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, power engineering, ship-building, and food processing.
4. Modern chemical and petroleum machine-building includes several subdivisions that develop and manufacture specialized equipment, including equipment for the chemical, polymer, and petroleum industries, paper-making machines, and equipment for the petroleum refining industry.
3. Производство химического и нефтяного оборудования в России началось на рубеже 20-го века для сахарной промышленности и нефтедобычи. Химическое и нефтяное машиностроение в СССР претерпело значительные изменения. Однако до середины 1960-х годов оно было распределено между различными отраслями машиностроения. В 1965 году химическое и нефтяное машиностроение стало отдельной отраслью, отвечающей за разработку, производство и поставку оборудования для химической промышленности, а также для черной и цветной металлургии, энергетики, судостроения и продовольствия обработка.
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