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КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 2 Прочитайте текст и письменно ответьте на вопросы, следующие за ним. ADVANCED COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE 1. Conventional computer
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КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 2
I. Прочитайте текст и письменно ответьте на вопросы, следующие за ним.
ADVANCED COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
1. Conventional computers attack problems one step at a time. Advanced computers are able to do several parts of the problem at once to complete it more quickly.
2. Most computers have a single processor which is the unit that does computational work such as addition, multiplication or the comparison of two numbers. Human programmers divide each computational task into a sequence of steps - a program - and the com¬puter's processor executes the sequence one step at a time.
3. This approach has to be slow for two reasons. First, during each phase of a computation some part of the processor is idle; the procedure for multiplying two numbers, for example, requires sev¬eral steps, and the circuitry that can perform one step may be idle while another step is being executed.
4. Second, many computational tasks can be divided into sub-tasks that are independent of one another and so can be done concur¬rently by separate processors.
5. Designers of advanced computer architectures are develop¬ing approaches that can solve these problems. How can one improve the speed of computation? On the one hand, they have developed ways to increase the speed of single processors by keeping more of me processor's components active. On the other hand, they are de¬signing systems in which many processors are linked together to form parallel processors or parallel computers. In both approaches the aim is to have many computational steps taking place at any given time.
6. A major source of slowness in conventional processors is ac¬cess to memory. If data or instructions need to be fetched from a memory bank before some computational operation can take place, all the processor's units must remain idle while the memory cycles. The solution to this problem is to design machines in which, while one operation is being executed, the next set of instructions is fetched from memory and decoded or divided into operations mat can be done by various functional units.
Questions
1. How do conventional computers attack problems? Conventional computers attack problems one step at a time.
2. How can advanced computers complete the problem more quickly? Advanced computers are able to do several parts of the problem at once to complete it more quickly.
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