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Контрольная работа № 2 Вариант № 2 I.Прочтите текст и будьте готовы выполнить задания.
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Контрольная работа № 2
Вариант № 2
I.Прочтите текст и будьте готовы выполнить задания.
Crime Prevention
The need to address crime is as old as civilization itself. And, while we have always struggled with whether to punish or rehabilitate criminal activity, there has never been any question that the best alternative to "illegal" behaviour is prevention.
Prevention as a basis for policing was first formulated in England with the passage of the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829. In 1829 Sir Richard Mayne, one of the founders of Scotland Yard* wrote: "The primary object of an efficient police is the prevention of crime and detection and punishment of offenders if crime is committed. To these ends all the efforts of police must be directed. The protection of life and property, the preservation of public tranquillity, and the absence of crime, will alone prove whether those efforts have been successful and whether the objects for which the police were appointed have been attained". He considered the prevention of crime to be the ultimate goal of the organized police force and the prevention philosophy to be trans¬lated into practice. Thus, English law enforcement officials chose not to arm themselves. Armament was viewed as a reaction to crime, not a way to prevent it. In attaining the above mentioned objects much depends on the approval and cooperation of the public, and these have always been determined by the degree of esteem and respect in which the police are held.
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