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Контрольная работа по английскому языку для студентов технических специальностей
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- 2016 год
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КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 4
ВАРИАНТ 1
Задание 1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в них инфинитивные обороты. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Check valves allow each well to be routed into one or more of several Manifold Lines.
2. The contributing factors for converting parent organic material into petroleum are thought to be bacterial action; shearing pressure during compaction; heat and natural distillation at depth; possible addition of hydrogen from deep- seated sources; presence of catalysts; and time.
3. At the wellhead separation facilities, operators tend to determine the optimum conditions for separators to maximize revenue.
Задание 2. Перепишите следующие предложения. Переведите их на русский язык. Обратите внимание на перевод причастных оборотов. Подчеркните предложение, содержащее независимый причастный оборот.
1. Natural gas having many advantages over other energy sources is certain.
2. Natural gas being plentiful and inexpensive, it became possible to make large amounts of carbon black cheaply.
3. Associated gas is the gas dissolved in oil under natural conditions in the oil reservoir.
Задание 3. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения. Обратите внимание, как переводятся на русский язык условные предложения.
1. If downstream to upstream pressure ratio is less than a critical pressure ratio, sonic (critical) flow exists.
2. The temperature could have easily dropped to below ice point resulting in ice-plugging, if water had existed.
3. If a plant was operated above its rated capacity, high pressure loss might cause some attrition to occur.
Задание 4. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, принимая во внимание особенности перевода герундия.
1. It is usually unfeasible to try to lower the operating temperature of a separator without adding expensive mechanical refrigeration equipment.
2. Separators are used to refute the primary separation by further removing most of the entrained liquid mist from the gas.
3. Gas production rates from individual wells are controlled for preventing water coning and/or sand production, meeting limitations of rate or pressure imposed by production facilities, and satisfying production limits set by regulatory authorities.
Задание 5. Прочтите и письменно переведите текст.
DEHYDRATION BY ADSORPTION
1. Adsorption is defined as the ability of a substance to hold gases or liquids on its surface. In adsorption dehydration, the water vapour from the gas is concentrated and held at the surface of the solid desiccant. Solid desiccants have very large surface areas per unit weight to take advantage of the surface forces. The most common solid adsorbents used today are silica, alumina, and certain silicates known as molecular sieves. Dehydration plants can remove practically all water from natural gas using solid desiccants. Because of their great drying ability, solid desiccants are employed where higher efficiencies are required.
2. The incoming wet gas should be cleaned by a filter separator to remove solid and liquid contaminants in the gas. The filtered gas flows downward during dehydration through one adsorber containing a desiccant bed. The down-flow arrangement reduces disturbance of the bed caused by the high gas velocity during the adsorption. While one adsorber is dehydrating, the other adsorber is being regenerated by a hot stream of inlet gas from the regeneration gas heater. A direct-fired heater, hot oil, steam, or an indirect heater can supply the necessary regeneration heat. The regeneration gas usually flows upward through the bed to ensure thorough regeneration of the bottom of the bed, which is the last area contacted by the gas being dehydrated. The hot regenerated bed is cooled by shutting off or bypassing the heater. The cooling gas then flows downward through the bed so that any water adsorbed from the cooling gas will be at the top of the bed and will not be desorbed into the gas during the dehydration step. The still hot regeneration gas and the cooling gas flow through the regeneration gas cooler to condense the desorbed water. Power- operated valves activated by a timing device switch the adsorbers between the dehydration, regeneration, and cooling steps.
3. Under normal operating conditions, the usable life of a desiccant ranges from one to four years. Solid desiccants become less effective in normal use due to loss of effective surface area as they age. Abnormally fast degradation occurs through blockage of the small pores and capillary openings from lubricating oils, amines, glycols, corrosion inhibitors, and other contaminants, which cannot be removed during the regeneration cycle. Hydrogen sulfide can also damage the desiccant and reduce its capacity.
Задание 6. Прочтите 2-ой абзац текста и письменно ответьте на вопрос:
Why does the cooling gas flow downward through the bed?
Задание 7. Задайте 5 вопросов к тексту, раскрывающих его основное содержание.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 4
ВАРИАНТ 1
Задание 1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в них инфинитивные обороты. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Check valves allow each well to be routed into one or more of several Manifold Lines.
2. The contributing factors for converting parent organic material into petroleum are thought to be bacterial action; shearing pressure during compaction; heat and natural distillation at depth; possible addition of hydrogen from deep- seated sources; presence of catalysts; and time.
3. At the wellhead separation facilities, operators tend to determine the optimum conditions for separators to maximize revenue.
Задание 2. Перепишите следующие предложения. Переведите их на русский язык. Обратите внимание на перевод причастных оборотов. Подчеркните предложение, содержащее независимый причастный оборот.
1. Natural gas having many advantages over other energy sources is certain.
2. Natural gas being plentiful and inexpensive, it became possible to make large amounts of carbon black cheaply.
3. Associated gas is the gas dissolved in oil under natural conditions in the oil reservoir.
Задание 3. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения. Обратите внимание, как переводятся на русский язык условные предложения.
1. If downstream to upstream pressure ratio is less than a critical pressure ratio, sonic (critical) flow exists.
2. The temperature could have easily dropped to below ice point resulting in ice-plugging, if water had existed.
3. If a plant was operated above its rated capacity, high pressure loss might cause some attrition to occur.
Задание 4. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, принимая во внимание особенности перевода герундия.
1. It is usually unfeasible to try to lower the operating temperature of a separator without adding expensive mechanical refrigeration equipment.
2. Separators are used to refute the primary separation by further removing most of the entrained liquid mist from the gas.
3. Gas production rates from individual wells are controlled for preventing water coning and/or sand production, meeting limitations of rate or pressure imposed by production facilities, and satisfying production limits set by regulatory authorities.
Задание 5. Прочтите и письменно переведите текст.
DEHYDRATION BY ADSORPTION
1. Adsorption is defined as the ability of a substance to hold gases or liquids on its surface. In adsorption dehydration, the water vapour from the gas is concentrated and held at the surface of the solid desiccant. Solid desiccants have very large surface areas per unit weight to take advantage of the surface forces. The most common solid adsorbents used today are silica, alumina, and certain silicates known as molecular sieves. Dehydration plants can remove practically all water from natural gas using solid desiccants. Because of their great drying ability, solid desiccants are employed where higher efficiencies are required.
2. The incoming wet gas should be cleaned by a filter separator to remove solid and liquid contaminants in the gas. The filtered gas flows downward during dehydration through one adsorber containing a desiccant bed. The down-flow arrangement reduces disturbance of the bed caused by the high gas velocity during the adsorption. While one adsorber is dehydrating, the other adsorber is being regenerated by a hot stream of inlet gas from the regeneration gas heater. A direct-fired heater, hot oil, steam, or an indirect heater can supply the necessary regeneration heat. The regeneration gas usually flows upward through the bed to ensure thorough regeneration of the bottom of the bed, which is the last area contacted by the gas being dehydrated. The hot regenerated bed is cooled by shutting off or bypassing the heater. The cooling gas then flows downward through the bed so that any water adsorbed from the cooling gas will be at the top of the bed and will not be desorbed into the gas during the dehydration step. The still hot regeneration gas and the cooling gas flow through the regeneration gas cooler to condense the desorbed water. Power- operated valves activated by a timing device switch the adsorbers between the dehydration, regeneration, and cooling steps.
3. Under normal operating conditions, the usable life of a desiccant ranges from one to four years. Solid desiccants become less effective in normal use due to loss of effective surface area as they age. Abnormally fast degradation occurs through blockage of the small pores and capillary openings from lubricating oils, amines, glycols, corrosion inhibitors, and other contaminants, which cannot be removed during the regeneration cycle. Hydrogen sulfide can also damage the desiccant and reduce its capacity.
Задание 6. Прочтите 2-ой абзац текста и письменно ответьте на вопрос:
Why does the cooling gas flow downward through the bed?
Задание 7. Задайте 5 вопросов к тексту, раскрывающих его основное содержание.
Контрольная работа по английскому языку для студентов технических специальностей
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 4
ВАРИАНТ 1
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