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The Structure of the Lexical Meaning
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- 2014 год
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Language is primarily a means of communication, the most important means of communication. This is why the main category of linguistics is meaning.
In the lexicology exists a special branch which is called semasiology. It studies word meaning and semantic relations between words. The major fields of study of semasiology are:
the word meaning, its structure and components (lexical and grammatical meaning);
meaning change, development of meanings, the nature of polysemy;
semantic relations between words: synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy-hyperonymy, holonymy-meronymy, etc.
There are a lot of difficulties in defining the word meaning. It is unfortunate, however, that the term 'meaning' turns out to be elusive and is used to cover a variety of linguistic and extralinguistic aspects. This is the reason why there is no general agreement either about what meaning is or about the way in which it should be described.
The word meaning is not homogeneous, but it consists of several components, which are considered as types of meaning. The scholars distinguish 2 types of meaning to be found in words and word forms:
the grammatical (categorial) meaning;
the lexical (material) meaning.
In this essay, the lexical meaning of a word is discussed.
Introduction 3
The main text 4
1. The definition of the lexical meaning 4
2. The structure of the lexical meaning 5
Conclusions 12
References 13
CONCLUSIONS
There are a lot of definitions of the lexical meaning. In our country the definition given by V.V. Vinogradov is commonly used: it is his subject – real content, decorated according to the laws of grammar of the language, and being part of the common vocabulary of the semantic system of the language.
As for the structure of the lexical meaning, most of the scholars differentiate denotational and connotational (pragmatic) components. But some scholars distinguish connotative and pragmatic meanings.
Different scholars distinguish different components of this structure. Almost all of them use significative and denotative components. Arnold distinguishes also connotational meaning. According to Nikitin it should be distinguished implicational and semiotic meanings. The last includes pragmatic and cognitive meanings.
According to Professor V.V. Vinogradov lexical meaning comprises nominative, nominative-derivative, collegationally conditioned, collocationally conditioned, phraseologically bound meanings.
Therefore the question of the meaning of a word is quite disputable in modern linguistics.
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5. Минаева Л.В. Лексикология и лексикография английского языка / English. Lexicology and Lexicogfaphy. – М.: АСТ, Астрель, 2007. – 142 с.
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