В очередной раз спасибо!
Информация о работе
Подробнее о работе
interrelation of causes, nature and results of semantic change of meaning
- 12 страниц
- 2016 год
- 314 просмотров
- 1 покупка
Гарантия сервиса Автор24
Уникальность не ниже 50%
Фрагменты работ
introduction……………………………………………………………………….3
Reasons for change in the lexical meanings of words……………………………4
Extralinguistic causes of semantic change…………………………………..……4
Linguistic reasons of semantic change……………………………………..……..7
Types of semantic change………………………………….……………….…….8
The narrowing or specialization as one of the types of semantic change……..….9
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….10
Bibliography ……………………………………………………. ………………11
Extralinguistic causes of semantic change
The first group of reasons traditionally называется культурно-исторической или экстралингвистической. Экстралингвистические the causes are determined by the social nature of language, as they are associated with the development of the human mind, and meet his needs.
Social, political, economic, cultural and technological changes have a powerful influence on the language. The impact of these factors on the linguistic phenomena studied sociolinguistics. This shows that social factors can influence even on the structural features of linguistic units: scientific terms, for example, have a number of specific features in comparison with the words used in other spheres of human activity.
How does this happen? Different types of changes in the social life of people, their culture, knowledge, technology, the arts lead to gaps that appear in the dictionary to be filled. New inventions, new concepts and phenomena should be called.
...
Linguistic reasons of semantic change
New lexical meanings can also develop due to linguistic factors (the second group of reasons). Linguistic reasons of semantic change has long been studied, and it is not surprising that we know about them is much less than on the extralinguistic. Linguistic factors influencing the process of changing the dictionary, can be paradigmatic and syntagmatic character. In working with them, we have to deal with constant interaction and interdependence of the dictionary units in language and speech. Thus, the development of new values, as well as a complete change of lexical meaning, may be due to the influence of other words, for the most part synonyms, as well as due to ellipsis (omission) or as a result of ambiguity in certain contexts.
Differentiation of synonyms - it is a gradual change observed in the history of the development of language, sometimes involving semantic assimilation of borrowed words.
...
Types of semantic change
Similarly, as the cause of semantic change can be very different, own semantic changes in nature may also differ, for a variety of patterns may lie in their basis.
There are several classifications of semantic change, but the most complete was suggested by Paul G. in the XIX century. According to the logic of Paul G., value change can take place in several directions: 1) the expansion of value (extension, widening or generalization); 2) the restriction value (narrowing, restriction or specialization); 3) a shift (shift or transfer) values ( transference of meaning). When you extend the value of species concept inherent denotatum, develops generic, in other words, there is a generalization. The restriction value, in contrast, suggests that the initial value serves as a generic and modified - as one of its component species. In modern linguistic literature, the term "specialization" is more often used, introduced by M.
...
Bibliography
1. Antrushina GB, Afanasyev OV, Morozova NN Lexicology of the English language: Proc. allowance for students. - M .: Bustard, 1999. - 288s.
2. Apresyan YD Lexical Semantics. Synonymous means of language. Moscow, 1974.
3. Arnold IV Lexicology of modern English language: Proc. for in-Comrade and facts. foreign. lang. - 3rd ed., Revised. and ext. - M .: Higher. wk, 1986. -. 295s.
4. Bloomfield L. Language. - M., 1968.
5. VV Vinogradov The main types of lexical meanings of the word // VV Vinogradov Selected works: Lexicology and lexicography. - M., 1977.
6. Dubenets EM Lexicology of the English language AM: Bustard 1999.
7. VV Eliseev Lexicology of the English language. - St. Petersburg .: St. Petersburg State University, 2003. - 58 c.
8. Zabotkina VI The new vocabulary of modern English. Moscow, 1989.
9. Zvegintsev VA Semasiology. Moscow, 1957.
10. Minaeva LV Lexicology and lexicography of the English language. - M .: STEPS, 2003. - 224p.
11. Nikitin MV The lexical meaning of the word. Moscow, 1983.
12. AI Smirnitsky Lexicology of the English language. - M., 1956.
13. Ufimtseva AA Lexical meaning. M., 1986.
14. Kharitonchik ZA Lexicology of the English language: Proc. allowance. - Mn .: Your. wk, 1992. -. 229s.
15. Linguistics. Large Live encyclopaedic dictionary / Ch. Ed. VN Yartsev. - 2nd ed. - Moscow: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 1998 - 685s.
16. Arnold IV The English Word. M., 1986.
17. Cruise. "Lexical semantic" Cambridge University press, 1995.
18. Griberg SI "Exercises in Modern English". Moscow, 1980.
19. Mednikova EM "Seminars in English Lexicology" Moscow "Vyshaja shkola", 1978.
20. Nida, Eugene. Componential Analysis of Meaning. An Introduction to Semantic Structures. The Hague -Paris, 1975.
21. Rinaburg R. "A course in Modern English". Moscow, 1976.
22. Zagoruiko AY Lectures on Modern English Lexicology, 2005.
23. http://www.etymonline.com/
24. http://dictionary.reference.com/
25. W. Somerset Maugham. Sixty-Five Short Stories. 1988
Форма заказа новой работы
Не подошла эта работа?
Закажи новую работу, сделанную по твоим требованиям
