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Задание 1. Прочитаете Текст A “The Engineering Profession”. Задание 2. Выпишите из англо-русского словаря все незнакомые профессиональные термины c и
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Text A: The Engineering Profession
Engineering is one of the most ancient occupations in history. Without the skills included in the broad field of engineering, our present-day civilization never could have evolved. The first toolmakers who chipped arrows and spears from rock were the forerunners of modern mechanical engineers. The craftsmen who discovered metals in the earth and found ways to refine and use them were the ancestors of mining and metallurgical engineers, and the skilled technicians who devised irrigation systems and erected the marvellous buildings of the ancient world were the civil engineers of their time.
Engineering is often defined as making practical application of theoretical sciences such as physics and mathematics. Many of the early branches of engineering were based not on science but on empirical information that depended on observation and experience.
The great engineering works of ancient times were constructed and operated largely by means of slave labor. During the Middle Ages people began to seek devices and methods of work that were more efficient and humane. Wind, water, and animals were used to provide energy for some of these new devices. This led to the Industrial Revolution which began in the eighteenth century. First steam engines and then other kinds of machines took over more and more of the work that had previously been done by human beings or by animals. James Watt, one of the key figures in the early development of steam engines, devised the concept of horsepower to make his customers understand the amount of work his machines could perform.
Since the nineteenth century both scientific research and practical application of its results have escalated. The mechanical engineer now has the mathematical ability to calculate the mechanical advantage that results from the complex interaction of many different mechanisms. He or she also has new and stronger materials to work with and enormous new sources of power. The Industrial Revolution began by putting water and steam to work; since then machines using electricity, gasoline, and other energy sources have become so widespread that they now do a very large proportion of the work of the world.
Профессия инженера
Инженер - одно из самых древних занятий в истории. Без навыков, включенных в широкую область инженера, наша современная цивилизация никогда бы не смогла развиться. Первыми мастерами-инструменталистами, которые выкололи из камня стрелы и копья, были предшественники современных инженеров-механиков. Мастера, которые открыли металлы в земле и нашли способы их очистки и использования, были предками горных и металлургических инженеров, а опытные техники, которые изобрели ирригационные системы и построили чудесные здания древнего мира, были инженерами-строителями своего времени.
Инженерное дело часто определяется как практическое применение теоретических наук, таких как физика и математика. Многие из ранних отраслей инженерии были основаны не на науке, а на эмпирической информации, которая зависела от наблюдений и опыта.
Задание 1. Прочитаете Текст A “The Engineering Profession”.
Задание 2. Выпишите из англо-русского словаря все незнакомые профессиональные термины c их значениями.
Задание 3. Переведите текст на русский язык в письменной форме. Выполните следующие за ним задания.
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