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Вариант 2 1. Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 4 абзацы. Пере-пишите и письменно переведите 1 и 2 абзацы. Forms and methods of i
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2. Ответьте письменно на вопросы после текста.
1) What is the most important form of international trade? The most important form is direct commercial import-export operations with deliveries paid in hard currency.
2) Where are the countertrade transactions carried out? They are mainly carried out with developing countries and in Eastern Europe.
3) What may the transaction include? The transaction may include the exchange of some currency as well as goods.
3. Какие предложения являются верными?
1) International trade is performed in several forms. True.
2) Countertrade transactions are easy to arrange. False.
3) Another form of countertrade is the buyback arrangement. True.
4) Goods can be sold to a local consumer. False.
4. Дополните предложения.
Вариант 2
1. Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 4 абзацы. Пере-пишите и письменно переведите 1 и 2 абзацы.
Forms and methods of international trade
1. International trade is performed in several forms. The most important form is direct commercial import-export operations with deliveries paid in hard currency. Still, 25-30% of international trade accounts for barter and countertrade, with deliveries paid by goods. Such payment is usually initiated by the importer which does not have hard currency to pay for the goods.
Barter is a trade in which merchandise is exchanged directly for other goods without the use of money. It is a characteristic of quite primitive economies.
2. Countertrade transactions are more complex and difficult to arrange. They began in the 1950s and are mainly carried out with developing countries and in Eastern Europe. Their currencies are not freely convertible and they do not possess enough hard currency to make the essential purchases necessary for economic development. The transaction may include the exchange of some currency as well as goods. For example, the contract may stipulate that the seller be paid in hard currency provided that the seller agrees to find markets for specified products (often cash crops) from the buyer's country.
Формы и методы международной торговли
1. Международная торговля существует в нескольких формах. Наиболее важной формой являются прямые коммерческие импортно-экспортные операции с поставками, оплачиваемыми в твердой валюте. Однако 25-30% международной торговли приходится на бартер и встречную торговлю, причем поставки оплачиваются товарами. Инициатива такой оплаты обычно исходит от импортера, у которого нет твердой валюты для оплаты товара.
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