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Контрольная работа I Прочитайте и устно переведите текст: "How do governments manage a whole economy?". How do governments manage a whole economy?
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- 2021 год
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I Прочитайте и устно переведите текст: "How do governments manage a whole economy?".
How do governments manage a whole economy?
Most governments aim to have steady economic growth, to control inflation and to avoid recessions. Just managing an individual business is a hard task. How do you manage a whole economy? Governments have certain mechanisms which help them do this.
The first of these mechanisms is fiscal policy. Fiscal policy refers to the tax system and to government spending. By increasing or decreasing the amount of tax people must pay, the government can affect how much money people have available to spend (disposal income). This, in turn, has an effect on demand in the market. By increasing or decreasing their own spending, governments can have a huge effect on the growth of the economy.
The second mechanism is monetary policy. With its monetary policy, a government set interest rates and also controls the amount of money that circulates in the economy. The interest rate the government sets influences the rate that commercial banks set when they lend money to customers. Interest rates have a big impact on the economy. For example, they can affect people’s decisions about saving or spending money.
The third mechanism is administrative approach. This is a range of things that governments do to increase the supply of goods and services to the economy but without increasing prices. There are a number of ways governments try to do this. For example, improvements in education and training can make the workforce more productive. Investment in technology can make industry more efficient. Governments can also change employment and business laws to make the market more competitive.
With a combination of these methods, governments try to steer or guide the economy on a steady and predictable path. They aim for gradual economic growth and to avoid disasters.
II Используя материал текста из упражнения 1, закончите следующие утверждения, выбрав правильный вариант (А, В, С). Возможно более одного варианта.
1. The three different mechanisms which governments use are…
A all concerned with how much money people have to spend.
B aimed at improving education and training.
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