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Логика-философия на английском №4 / Logic-Philosophy in English #4
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Logic of Explanation tasks:
1. Which of these statements can be considered a scientific law?
a) All buildings in Oslo have fewer than 20 floors.
b) All bodies of mass attract each other.
c) All Norwegians are Norwegian.
The answers must be justified.
2. Use the law from the previous assignment to give an explanation of deductive-nomological form. The explanation should be set up like this:
Eksplanans – That which explains (premises)
Eksplanadum – What is explained (conclusion)
Casual explanation in deductive normological form:
Eksplanans: Universal law(s)
Relevant facts/Conditions
Eksplanadum: description of what is explained
Example:
Eksplanans: P1: All iron bars that are heated expand
P2: Robin Sander is an iron bar that gets heated
Eksplanandum: K: Robin Sander Expands
Use the explanation to illustrate the relationship between explanation and prediction.
3. Kari marries Per.
Construct one
a) explanation of causation with a statistical «law».
b) causal explanation with a universal law and a triggering cause.
c) a statement of purpose.
d) a function explanation.
THIS ONE IS FOR A
Formula for causation with statistical law :
Eksplanans: Statistical law
Conditions\facts
Eksplanandum: Description of what is being explained
Example:
Statistical law: P1: there is a high probability that those who have streptococcal infection and are treated with penicillin will recover
Condition: P2: Robin Sander has streptococcal infection and was treated with penicillin
Eksplanandum: K: Robin Sander will recover
THIS IS FOR B but you can skip it if it is difficult
Universal law: P1;
Condition: p2:
Eksplanandum: k:
FORMULA FOR (C)
Formula for Statement of purpose:
Eksplanans:
Wish: X wants to achieve Y
Perception: X thinks action P will lead to Y
Eksplanadum: Therefore X does action P
Example:
Eksplanans:
Wish: P1: Robin Sander wants to win a huge cash prize
Perception: Robin Sander believes buying a lottery ticket will result in him winning a big cash prize
Eksplanandum: K: Therefore Robin Sander buys lottery ticket
THIS ONE IS FORMULA FOR D
Formula for function explanation:
Eksplanans: Description of useful effect
Eksplanandum: useful effect that occurs
Example:
Eksplanans: P: Protection of rabbit
Eksplanandum: K: The rabbit gets brown fur in the summer
4. To what extent do you think the different types of explanation are used in the subject you are studying (Computer Science/economics) (or are planning to study or would like to study)?
Отвеченные вопросы приведены в содержании.
Нету.
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