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Time+Travel+and+the+Speed+of+Light
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The author of the song is Brian May, who is known not only as a guitarist renowned rock band, but as a scientist and astrophysicist. The composition tells a fantastic story of volunteers who went to surf the expanses of space, returned to Earth a year later and found that the home planet during this time has passed for decades. Brian refers to the effect of time dilation.
Time is invisible and inaudible, it is not tangible, and nevertheless, it leaves its mark everywhere. Time is perhaps the most important among the unsolved mysteries of nature. But what is time? How is it formed and why? These questions plagued mankind for millennia. The starting point of scientific research in deep knowledge of the time essence was the special relativity theory set by Einstein in 1905.
The relativity theory has proved huge practical value in many fields of human activity. The theory of relativity showed to mankind one of the most amazing things - it
turns out that time rate depends on speed of body movement in space. The faster the body moves, the slower its own pace of time. Slowdown in time rate is the most noticeable at speeds approaching the light speed. Moreover, it causes astounding phenomenon of time full stop at the speed of light, the fact that is a direct consequence of the relativity theory.
Since the appearance of the special relativity theory (SRT), the twin paradox has been discussed in many papers and textbooks. One of the most interesting papers on the subject was published in Apeiron . This publication prompts me to continue a discussion the topic in concern.
Time Travel and the Speed of the Light
Conclusion
When the study of the solar system is completed, the nearest star Alpha Centauri will be the first in the queue. It is 4.3 light-distant year long, slightly more than 40 000 billion km. Curiously, this distance is 10,000 times greater than the radius of the solar system. The aircraft could overcome such a distance in 4 million years, and it would take the spacecraft with chemical fuel engine at least 40 000 years.
So, I imagine that ambition, the desire for fame, a lack of common sense or, more modestly, the pursuit of the unknown to get someone to flow to risky and unprecedented journey, and here it started.
Relativity strikingly manifests in the calculation of flight time and distance traveled. These calculations are performed in different ways for the inhabitants of the Earth and astronauts. For simplicity, assume the distance to Alpha exactly equal to four light years, and the speed of the spacecraft to be constant and equal 240,000 km/s, i.e. four fifth of the speed of light. People on Earth will seem that the round trip takes only ten years, the astronauts will arrive at the Alpha in five years. They will send a message that reaches the Earth in four years, that is in nine years after the beginning of the trip and just a year before the arrival of the astronauts back to Earth.
To understand how astronauts perceive the journey, it is necessary to take into account the delay of time, resulting in a loss of synchronization of the clock on Earth and on a spaceship, and a decrease in distance; both purely relativistic phenomenon. The theory (and laboratory experiments) predict that in terms of the astronauts all the way will be shorter by two-fifths, i.e. will be equal to 2.4 light-years, and, therefore, the travel time is reduced to six years. Thus, the time for those who are in a way is different from the time measured by those who remained on Earth.
Twin Paradox is shrouded in romance and the fog of interstellar travel misinterpretations. Only when studied the relativity theory one can finally realize that twin paradox occurs only when forget about the relativity of simultaneity.
References/Bibliogrphy
T. Van Flandern, “What the Global Positioning System tells us about the twin’s paradox”, Apeiron 10, (2003) 69-86.
Kaler, J. Clouds. Birth, Death, and Recycling in the Galaxy. Scientific American Library, Freeman, New York, 1997.
Dumberry, M. and Koot, L., 2012, A global model of electromagnetic coupling for Earth nutations, Geophys. J. Int., 191, 530-544.
Stuck,J.;Seitz,F.;Thomas,M.:Atmospheric forcing mechanisms of polar motion. In: Plag, H. ‐ P.; Chao, B.; Gross, R.; van Dam, T. (eds.) Forcing of polar motion in the Chandler frequency band: A contribution to understanding interannual climate variations, Cahiers du Centre Européen de Géodynamique et de Séismologie, Vol. 24, pp 127 ‐ 133, European Center for Geodynamics and Seismology (ECGS), 2005.
Tetsuo Sasao and Andr´e B. Fletcher Introduction to VLBI Systems. Chapter 4. Lecture Notes for KVN Students. Partly based on Ajou University Lecture Notes. Version 1. Issued on November 14, 2006. Revised on June 18, 2010. Revised on February 10, 2011.
Hrasko P. Basic Relativity: An Introductory Essay. Springer, 2011.
Hrasko P. Basic Relativity: An Introductory Essay. Springer, 2011
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