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КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 2 1. Прочитайте и переведите устно весь текст. Перепишите 2 и 3 абзацы и переведите их письменно. THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM OF THE RUSS
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КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 2
1. Прочитайте и переведите устно весь текст. Перепишите 2 и 3 абзацы и переведите их письменно.
THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
In the Russian Federation justice is administered only by Court. The judicial powers shall be established by the Russian Federation Constitution and Federal Constitutional law.
Let's first consider the structure of the judicial system which is very simple. The first and the principle link in the judicial system of the Russian Federation is the district people's court. It's necessary to note, that both criminal and civil cases are heard in people's courts. Their decisions may be taken to the next higher courts: to the city, regional, territorial courts and to the Supreme Courts of the constituent republics. These courts are also courts of the first instance for trying exceptionally important criminal cases and civil suits. At the top of the judicial system is the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, which is the highest judicial organ exercizing supervision over the judicial activity of all judicial organs of the country.
The second point to speak about is the principles in the organization of the judicial system of Russia. According to the 1991 Constitution, one of the basic principles underlying the organization of the Russian courts was that the judiciary was elective. This applied to judges at any level of the judicial system. People's judges of district (city) People's court were elected by the respective Soviets of Working People's Deputies. People's judges of territorial and regional courts were elected by the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation, and judges of the Supreme Soviets of constituent Republicans were elected by the Supreme Soviets of their Republics. People's judges were elected for a term of 10 yours and any citizen who reached the age of 25 was eligible for election.
But the history of our country is characterized by unexpected changes demanding changes in legislature. According to the new Constitution the principle of judges' effectiveness is abolished. Like judges of some western countries, Russia's judges will be appointed by President in a way provided by federal law, moreover, they will be appointed for life. Now it's necessary to have at least 5 years legal experience to be appointed a judge.
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