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Вариант 3 1. Прочитайте и переведите письменно текст: CHERNIGOV In the documents, Chernigov was first mentioned in 907 in the Treaty between prince
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Вариант 3
1. Прочитайте и переведите письменно текст:
CHERNIGOV
In the documents, Chernigov was first mentioned in 907 in the Treaty between prince Oleg and Byzantium. Prince Oleg gathered a large army and besieged Constantinople. Byzantium promised to pay tribute to several Russian towns, including Chernigov.
As a large settlement, Chernigov existed well before the date indicated in the treaty, according to archaeological evidence.
When famous prince St. Vladimir divided Russia among his sons Chernigov and the Crimea he gave Mstislav, eager to provide Chernigov with good defensive structures. In 1054, prince Svyatslav, a son of Yaroslav the Wise, founded the new dynasty to rule Chernigov for more than 200 years. His reign was most favorable to economic development of the town, rise of its architecture and art. Descendants of Svyatoslav had to compete with Kyiv, eager to subdue Chernigov and destroy its princes. In 1239, the hordes of khan Batu devastated the town.
Then the principality began to dissolve, and in the late XIV century, its separated areas fell to Lithuania. As a border town, Chernigov was frequently subjected to assaults from various enemies. In 1492 and 1497, it suffered greatly from the raids by the Tatars. Then, in the struggle between Lithuania and Muscovy, it often took the side of the latter that ensured its final incorporation into Russia.
In the late XVI century, however, Poland and Lithuania captured it again, devastated and sacked several times, it was finally granted self-government to restore and develop as a Polish town until Russia regained it in 1654. After the sport period of flourishing commerce and building, Chernigov declined in XVIII century, having lost competition to more economically developed Kharkov and Kyiv. But, although there were no industrial enterprises in the town, it became the capital of the surrounding region, its economy encouraged by the new highway Kyiv – St. Petersburg. By 1913, its population increased up to 32 thousand.
Чернигов
В документах Чернигов впервые упоминается в 907 году в Договоре между князем Олегом и Византией. Князь Олег собрал огромное войско и осадил Константинополь. Византия пообещала отдать несколько российских городов, в том числе и Чернигов.
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