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Прочитайте текст. Обратите внимание на выделенные слова. Переведите тексты на русский язык. Тема 1. Текст 1. Production, Exchange and Consumption Eve
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Тема 1. Текст 2. Wealth and Income
Wealth consists of a stock of goods which have a money value. It includes such assets as land, houses, factories, shops, machines, and many kinds of personal possessions.
Private wealth means the possessions of individuals. It will obviously include land, houses, works of art, jewellery, motor cars and so on. Private wealth also includes financial assets such as notes and coins, bank deposits, building society deposits and company shares.
Social wealth consists of those assets owned by the community as a whole (i.e. by central and local government). It includes such things as roads, hospitals, schools, parks and libraries.
National wealth is the sum of all the wealth possessed by the citizens of a country, whether it is privately owned or publicly owned.
Whereas wealth is a stock of assets which have a money value, income is a flow of money. Income refers to the amount of money earned or received during a certain period of time – usually one year.
An individual may receive income in various forms, such as wages, salaries, interest on savings, rent from the ownership of property, profits on shares, or social security payments.
The basic difference between income and wealth is this:
Прочитайте текст. Обратите внимание на выделенные слова. Переведите тексты на русский язык.
Тема 1. Текст 1. Production, Exchange and Consumption
Every day we can see people carrying out economic activities. They are taking place in houses, shops, offices, factories and banks, on farms, on building sites, and so on. The study of this great variety of activities is made much easier by classifying them into three main types of activity – production, consumption and exchange.
The word production is usually taken to mean the making of some physical object, such as a motor car, a piece of furniture or a pair of shoes, or the growing of some particular crop, such as wheat or potatoes.
In economics, however, the word production has a much wider meaning. Production takes place so that people’s wants can be satisfied. Any kind of work which helps to satisfy people’s wants, and for which they are prepared to pay a price, is productive work.
Production, therefore, includes the output of services as well as goods. Service industries cover wholesaling, retailing, banking, insurance, accountancy, transport, the law, education, health, entertainment, etc.
There are two types of consumer goods: durable goods and non-durable goods. Durable consumer goods have a fairy long life – many of them last for several years. They include such items as household furniture, domestic appliances and the family car. Non-durable consumer goods are commodities which are used up immediately (i.e. in a single use) or in a relatively short period of time. Food, drinks, soap, and toothpaste are obvious examples of non-durable consumer goods.
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