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Ритмы английского языка
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- 2016 год
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Like any living language that has speakers English exists in two forms: spoken and written. This paper is dedicated to the research of the first form. The plot of this research is rhythm of the English language.
The language itself is a system of signs for a communication. This means that there are two sides using this system: that who produces the information and that who receives it. They are the writer and the reader in written language, and they are the speaker and the listener in our case. Comparing two fields of the language we must find that oral speech is a lot more powerful in transmitting the information than the written one. The reason is that oral speech has more instruments to express a thought. First of all these are the abilities of the voice, and one of them is the rhythm.
The word “rhythm” itself means an order of changing elements. Identical repeating elements are called phases. Rhythm of the language is an order of stresses. To clarify this definition we have to go to another subject of it i. e. stresses. “Stress” is emphasising syllables by the voice. It has aims for the both sides of communication. It is to help the speaker to produce the information without any unnecessary outlays (the Principle of Economy). And the listener accepts the information in its standard format (the Principle of Completeness). The .........................
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER ONE. COMMON PRINCIPLES
§1. Examples and definitions of rhythm.
§2. Rhythm as a phenomenon of speech.
CHAPTER TWO. PARTICULAR PRINCIPLES
§1. Rhythm in English poetry
§2. Rhythm in English prose.
§3. Rhythm in English oral speech.
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Работа выполнена на английском языке.
1. Берлин С.А., Вейхман А.С., «Обучение английской интонации», М.: «Высшая школа», 1973
2. «Большая книга афоризмов», М.: «Эксмо-ПРЕСС», 2014
3. Волик А. И., Мищенко Т.С., «Интонация английского языка, структура и функции», Киев: 1977
4. «Исследования по интонации английского языка», М.: 1968
5. «Некоторые вопросы фонетики латышского и английского языков», Рига: 1979
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7. R.Burns ‘My Heart’s in the Highlands’ http://fun-english.narod.ru/poetry/burns.htm
8. A. Conan Doyle ‘Hound of the Baskervilles’ http://conan-doyle.narod.ru/1/hound_of.htm
9. James Elroy Flecker, To a Poet a Thousand Years Hence, http://fun-english.narod.ru/poetry/flecker.htm
10. O.Henry, Selected Stories, М.: «Менеджер», 2013
11. Thomas Moore, ‘Those evening bells’ and other poems, http://fun-english.narod.ru/poetry/moore.htm
12. Robert Port, Fred Cummins and Michael Gasser, ‘A Dynamic Approach to Rhythm in Language’ http://cspeech.ucd.ie/~fred/abstracts/cls.html
13. Franck Ramus, ‘The psychological reality of rhythm classes: Perceptual studies’, http://cogprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/archive/00003079/
14. William Shakespeare, ‘Romeo and Juliette’ http://fun-english.narod.ru/poetry/shakespeare.htm
15. Persy Bysshe Shelley, poems, http://fun-english.narod.ru/poetry/shelley.htm
16. R.L. Stevenson, ‘From a Railway Carriage’ and other poems, http://fun-english.narod.ru/poetry/burns.htm
17. J. Thompson, ‘Gifts’, http://fun-english.narod.ru/poetry/thompson.htm
18. Pelham Grenville Wodehouse, ‘The Gold Bat’, http://wodehouse.ru/texts/pg/04_The_Gold_Bat.txt
19. William Wordsworth, poems of various periods, http://fun-english.narod.ru/poetry/wordsworth.htm
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