Peculiarities of translation cognitive informative texts/Особенности перевода информационно познавательных текстов

Contents

Introduction
Chаpter I. Introduction to the key principles
1.1 Press Lаws in Force
1.2 The lаnguаge on TV
1.3 Historicаl News Trаditions
1.4 How regulаtes offensive lаnguаge
Chаpter II. The ideа of modern mediа
2.1 Formаtion lаnguаge television through technology аnd creаtivity
2.2 Lаnguаge television аs а fаcility of modern mаss communicаtions
2.3 Culturаl аnd educаtionаl function
Chаpter III. The essence of the influence of mediа on humаn consciousness
3.1 Method of semаntic mаnipulаtion
3.2 Stereotyping
Chаpter IV. А study on the exаmple of the problem being studied
4.1 Methods for the prаcticаl pаrt of the study, between students of Humаnitаriаn fаculty of ZHGU University
Conclusion
References
Supplement

Chapter I. Introduction to the key principles

This research was designed to better understand audiences’ views on potentially offensive language on television and radio. A selection of clips containing potentially offensive language was chosen and used to stimulate discussion. Participants’ responses to the potentially offensive language varied depending on the context of each of the clips. Participants’ views on individual clips were also influenced by their age, gender and personal experiences. The study has identified common themes within the contextual factors that participants Тconsidered when judging the acceptability of potentially offensive language. These themes are referred to as ‘principles’ throughout this report. Participants drew on these principles both consciously and unconsciously, and different principles were given different weight depending on the particular context or language used.
...

Press Laws in Force

The press laws in force in Kazakhstan in 2002 served primarily to protect the interests of the president and his government. As the U.S. Department of State's Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor stated in their Country Report for Kazakhstan covering events in 2001, "Amendments to the media law, passed in March, strengthened libel laws, limited the rebroadcast of foreign-produced programming, classified Web sites as mass media, and introduced a requirement that journalists receive permission prior to taping interviews."
Particularly detrimental is a newly passed law, "On Political Parties," proposed early in 2002 by the pro-Narbayev Otan  party, approved by the legislature, and signed by the president in July 2002.
...

The language on TV

In spite of the centrality of the visual image in television, this medium uniquely combines visuality with both oral and written varieties of language. Television is thus distinguished from print media by its predominantly aural-oral mode of language use, while visuality separates it from the exclusively aural medium of radio.
Orality is generally viewed as the "normal" or "natural" mode of communication through language. Being face-to-face, interactive, immediate and non-mediated (e.g. through writing, print or electronic media), oral communication and the oral tradition are considered by some theorists to be indispensable to a free and democratic life. Unlike oral communication, which is usually dialogic and participatory, written language separates the writer and the reader in space and time, and relies on the sense of seeing at the expense of other senses.
...

How regulates offensive language

The specific rules in the Code that concern offensive language are found in Section One (Protecting the Under Eighteens) and Section Two (Harm and Offence).
The protection of young people under eighteen is one of the key principles upon which the Code is based. It is a responsibility Ofcom1 shares with parents11, as well as broadcasters. Section One states in relation to offensive language and protection of under eighteens: Rule 1.14 The most offensive language must not be broadcast before the watershed (in the case of television) or when children are particularly likely to be listening (in the case of radio).

• Rule 1.15 Offensive language must not be used in programmes made for younger children except in the most exceptional circumstances.
• Rule 1.
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Chapter II. The idea of ​​modern media
Media as a problem of science.
The media are special institutions established for open, public transmission with special tools information to any persons [19, p 421]. Media - is a relatively independent system, characterized by a multiplicity of constituent elements: content, properties, forms, methods, and a certain level of organization. The distinctive features of the media - it is a public, special hardware, fickle audience volume, changing depending on the interest of a transmission, message, paper.
The concept of "media" should not be confused with the term "mass media". This is not entirely true, as the QMS describes a wide range of bulk resources. These include film, theater, circus, etc. are all spectacular views, which feature regularly appeal to a mass audience, as well as technical means such as telephone, telegraph, teletype, etc.
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Formation language television through technology and creativity

TV - a complex system consisting of a huge number of elements. The viewer does not think about it, he sees only the final result and that result either like it or not, but in any case - it is an indispensable part of his life. How is this result?
A lot of specialists works by creating a different world, and far out of reach. This world of television. His language is the images created by technologies become available only recently. When TV technology has become available in almost every house there were technologies of image management created on the screen, the construction of stereotypes and behaviors. There is no doubt that television today is the first commercial system in which all aimed to sell advertising space, information, etc. Technologies developed in this area, seek to influence the spectator to get him the desired behavior or response. Where is this system work? Creativity is needed to build the image.
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Language television as a facility of modern mass communications
The functions of television in the system of mass communications
Television is multifunctional. Its functions are based on the specifics of television as a means of mass communication.
Consider the function in detail: Information function
Purpose of the media - to meet the information needs of man, society and the state. This also applies to television, which differs only in that is able to disseminate information better, faster, more authentic and more emotionally rich, compared to radio or print media. Speaking about the information function of television, you need to probably limited to a small and specific interpretation of the concept of "information". Receiving regular people's economic, political, social, and cultural information in the modern world it has become the norm.
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Cultural and educational function
Any TV show in some way attaches to human culture. Even news programs show the audience involved in the events leading to their communication style, the level of literacy, etc. All this affects the spectator and installation directly and as a negative sample. To a greater degree of perceived leading the benchmark programs. This, by the way, was and still is cause for alarm television critics, as the emergence of multiple channels at different levels gave rise, in turn, the abundance of uncultured and poorly educated leaders. Naturally, the cultural and educational function performs TV broadcast any cultural activities: performances, concerts, film and television.
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Method of semantic manipulation

Involves careful selection and arrangement of special concepts that cause either positive or negative associations, which allows to influence the perception of information (we - the fighters for independence, Russia's prosperity - they are occupiers, oppressors of the people, for us all progressive mankind, the common people, for them - oligarchs, gangsters, government officials). Since the method is based on certain associations, it makes it easy to affect a person because of his habits and beliefs.
When it is impossible to hide information, often used method of distraction. The Company does not tolerate the information vacuum, so to distract the audience from one information to be switched her attention to another, as filed with the sensational form. The purpose of the new information - to create a diversionary alternative and reduce the relevance of the previous information.
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Stereotyping

Stereotypes efficiently manage the entire process of perception.
The process of perception - it is only a mechanical adjustment yet unknown phenomena under stable general formula (stereotype). Therefore press standardizes message in a special way "sums" the stereotype information, the general opinion. A person should take a message without effort and without reservation, without inner struggle and critical analysis.
Stereotypes are shaped by two factors: the collective unconscious processing and individual social and cultural environment, as well as, of course, with a targeted ideological influence through the media. Using stereotypes to easily manipulate the human mind, because the stereotype is closely connected with the life of society in general, and specific groups of people in particular, for example, in the minds of the people of our country to keep as a stereotype of the "philosophy of hope", focus on common patterns.
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Methods for the practical part of the study, between students of Humanitarian faculty of ZHGU University

In this case study used survey method using questionnaire. Further empirical data were processed on a PC.
The questionnaire included four questions, the answers to which determine:

1. sources of information;
2. interests of young audiences;
3. the perception of the youth audience information;
4. use of advertising information.
2.2. Analysis and interpretation of the results.

In the first question, our survey identifies the main sources of information for students.
The results of the answers to this question in the quantitative ratio shown in Table 2.1.
Answer/course
1
2
3
4
A
7
7
7
8
B
5
6
6
7
C
1
0
0
0
D
2
2
2
1
Table 2.1.
The data in percentages are shown in Table 2.2.
Answer/course
1
2
3
4
A
47
47
47
53
B
33
40
40
47
C
7
0
0
0
D
13
13
13
7
Table 2.2.

Based on these data may plot the main sources of information depending on the course (see pic. 2.1).

Pic. 2.1.
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Conclusion

The study showed that the media occupy an important place in the life of individuals and society as a whole. TV, radio, print, Internet, advertising has become the main sources of information that form the inner world. If a century ago, the inner world of people formed on the basis of their personal relationship, career, travel, today does not have to be a very active person, to hear the news from the other side of the planet, there is no need to leave the house to communicate with people.
In this research, we found that young people almost daily use of media as a primary source of information. Moreover, the main source is television. However, the increasingly important Internet.
Journalists are obviously underestimated the interest of young people to the cognitive and vital to their socialization of information.
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References

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